A reversed-phase ion-pairing high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPIPC) method for the separation of a complex mixture of heparin-derived oligosacchrides has been developed by a stepwise optimization of the mobile phase, in which the concentration of ion-pairing reagent, mobile phase pH, and acetonitrile concentration were varied. The resolution of more than 30 oligosaccharide components...

Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular parasite that actively invades a wide variety of vertebrate cells, although the basis of this pervasive cell recognition is not understood. We demonstrate here that binding to the substratum and to host cells is partially mediated by interaction with sulfated glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). Addition of excess soluble GAGs blocked parasite attachment to ...

Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis was studied in developing chick corneas, with particular attention paid to keratan sulfate I, the major glycosaminoglycan of this tissue. This polysaccharide is unique to the cornea and may be required for the development and maintenance of cornea1 transparency. Corneas from 5. to 20-day chick embryos were labeled in uitro with D[6-3H]glucosamine and H2”S0,, and t...

The herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) utilizes cell-surface glycosaminoglycan, heparan sulfate, to gain entry into cells and cause infection. In a search for synthetic mimics of heparan sulfate to prevent HSV infection, we discovered potent inhibitory activity arising from sulfation of a monomeric flavonoid. Yet, detailed screening indicated that the sulfated flavonoid was completely inactive and ...

Zygotes from Fucus species have been used extensively to study cell polarization and rhizoid outgrowth, and in this model system cell wall deposition aligns with the establishment of polarity. Monoclonal antibodies are essential tools for the in situ analysis of cell wall glycans, and here we report the characteristics of six monoclonal antibodies to alginates (BAM6-BAM11). The use of these, in...

Poly[2]rotaxane and supramolecular assembly have been prepared by modified cyclodextrins bearing an adamantyl group in an aqueous medium.

Polysaccharides are the most abundant and the most complex organic molecules in the ocean. In contrast to land polysaccharides, many marine polysaccharides are highly sulfated; in particular, the cell walls of macroalgae harbor a high diversity of sulfated polysaccharides (carrageenans, agarans, fucoidans, ulvans, etc.). These sulfated polysaccharides, biosynthesized by macroalgal primary produ...

In recent years, governmental health agencies are highly concerned about the toxic emissions from diesel engines. Among fuel alternatives, biodiesel has the highest potential. Biodiesel has similar properties as diesel and could be directly utilized for diesel engines. The main advantages of biodiesel are that it could be used without modification, it is renewable, non-toxic, environment-friend...

Hydrocarbons are the organic contaminants that enter the environment through natural and anthropogenic processes. Microbial degradation of hydrocarbons is considered as cost effective treatment option. The mass transfer between hydrocarbons to catabolic microflora is highly influenced by its lower aqueous solubility that limits the biodegradation rates. Cyclodextrins with its interior hydrophob...