OBJECTIVE To investigate how affordable cigarettes are in developed and developing countries, and to calculate by how much the affordability of cigarettes has changed between 1990 and 2001; and secondly, to investigate the relation between cigarette affordability and consumption. DESIGN Affordability was defined as the cost of cigarettes relative to per capita income. Trends in cigarette affo...

Dengue has a negative impact in low- and lower middle-income countries, but also affects upper middle- and high-income countries. Despite the efforts at controlling this disease, it is unclear why dengue remains an issue in affluent countries. A better understanding of dengue epidemiology and its burden, and those of chikungunya virus and Zika virus which share vectors with dengue, is required ...

BACKGROUND The Eastern Mediterranean region has the second highest number of road traffic injury mortality rates after the African region based on 2013 data, with road traffic injuries accounting for 27% of the total injury mortality in the region. Globally the number of road traffic deaths has plateaued despite an increase in motorization, but it is uncertain whether this applies to the Region...

Approximately 16.7% of output in high-income OECD countries is produced informally. Across these countries, the size of the informal economy is positively related to tax rates and negatively related to governance quality. While existing models of the informal economy mostly focus on developing countries, this paper studies the mechanisms behind the informal economy in high-income countries. I b...

www.thelancet.com/lancetgh Vol 3 November 2015 e676 gross national income (figure). In high-income countries, the price per bottle of sofosbuvir ranged from $14 000 (Spain) to $20 590 (Switzerland). Prices for daclatasvir ranged from $1128 (South Korea) to $14 899 (Germany); those of simeprevir from $9166 (Spain) to $14 865 (Australia); those of ledipasvir-sofosbuvir from $12 604 (USA) to $24 8...