PURPOSE This study aimed to quantify the pupillary light reaction during high altitude exposure using the state of the art Compact Integrated Pupillograph (CIP) and to investigate a potential correlation of altered pupil reaction with severity of acute mountain sickness (AMS). This work is related to the Tübingen High Altitude Ophthalmology (THAO) study. METHODS Parameters of pupil dynamics (...

PURPOSE This study examines the effect of price regulation and competition on launch timing and pricing of new drugs. METHODS Our data cover launch experience in 15 countries from 1992 to 2003 for drugs in 12 major therapeutic classes. We estimate a two-equation model of launch hazard and launch price of new drugs. FINDINGS We find that launch timing and prices of new drugs are related to a...

Yarrow (Achillea spp.) belonging to the family of Asteraceae with useful properties, such as anti-diaphoretic, anti-hemorrhagic, anti-inflammation, anti-biotic, anti-fungal, anti-bacterial, Carminative and anti-oxidant effects. The present investigation assessed the morphological diversity of Achillea aucheri, which is indigenous plant from Damavand mountain of Iran. The samples were collected ...

At high altitudes, the air pressure is much lower than it is at sea level and contains fewer oxygen molecules and less oxygen is taken in at each breath. This requires deeper and rapid breathing to get the same amount of oxygen into the blood stream compared to breathing in air at sea level. Exercises increase the oxygen demand and make breathing more difficult at high altitude. In this study, ...

CHIODI, HUGO. Aging and high-altitude polycythemia. J. Appl. Physiol.: Respirat. Environ. Exercise Physiol. 45(6): 1019-1020, 1978. No correlation was found between hemoglobin, hematocrit, or red blood cells and age in 42 healthy mixed Indians living at 4,515 m above sea level. The discrepancy of our results with those of Whittembury and Monge in similar conditions and altitude is discussed and...

BACKGROUND People suffer unique health problems in high altitude areas, due to such factors as elevation, aircraft ascent and descent, extreme cold, hypoxia, hypobaria, and low relative humidity. This study was conducted to evaluate ENT morbidity at high altitude. METHODS Serving soldiers introduced to a high altitude environment who presented with various ENT symptoms were examined to identi...

ENGINEERING NOTES are short manuscripts describing new developments or important results of a preliminary nature. These Notes cannot exceed 6 manuscript pages and 3 figures; a page of text may be substituted for a figure and vice versa. After informal review by the editors, they may be published within a few months of the date of receipt. Style requirements are the same as for regular contribut...

Exposure to chronic hypoxia during gestation predisposes infants to neonatal pulmonary hypertension, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we test the hypothesis that moderate continuous hypoxia during gestation causes changes in the rho-kinase pathway that persist in the newborn period, altering vessel tone and responsiveness. Lambs kept at 3,801 m above sea level during gestatio...

Acute mountain sickness is the commonest acute high altitude illness occurring at high altitude. Its prevalence is dependent on the ascent rate, altitude achieved, physical effort required to reach the target altitude and pharmacological intervention undertaken by the tourists visiting high altitude areas. This Letter to the Editor is an endeavour to re-emphasise the importance of all these fac...