The considerable difference of opinion which exists regarding the surgical treatment of duodenal ulcer suggests that the ideal operation has not yet been devised. The advantages of a lower morbidity rate with vagotomy and gastrojejunostomy compared with partial gastrectomy are offset by the higher incidence of recurrent ulceration in the former procedure (Cox and Kerr, 1957; Everson, Hutchings,...

Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disease in the vessel wall. Nicotine, a major component of cigarette smoke, is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases including atherosclerosis. As an inflammatory molecule, C- reactive protein (CRP) participates in atherogenesis. Although it has been confirmed that CRP level in smoking patient is significantly higher than non-smokers and cigar...

Regulation of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) enzymatic activity in vivo by muscarinic receptor agonists in rat adrenal medulla was characterized in this study. Bethanechol and carbachol produce dose-dependent increases in rat adrenal TH activity. These increases are maximal (approximately 3-fold) using 10 mg/kg bethanechol or 0. 5 mg/kg carbachol and are totally inhibited by prior administration of ...

Transgenic mouse models with nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) knockouts and knockins have provided important insights into the molecular substrates of addiction and disease. However, most studies of heterologously expressed neuronal nAChR have used clones obtained from other species, usually human or rat. In this work, we use mouse clones expressed in Xenopus oocytes to provide a relati...

SINCE the demonstration by Paton and Zaimis (1948) of the ganglionic blocking activity of the pentamethonium and hexamethonium compounds, the pharmacological action of these drugs in man has been fairly extensively studied, and trials have been made of their clinical use in arterial hypertension and duodenal ulcer. However, only brief and scattered mention has been made of the ocular changes re...

Nicotine may link cigarette smoking during pregnancy with sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). Pre-natal nicotine leads to diminished ventilatory responses to hypercarbia and reduced central chemoreception in mice at post-natal days 0-3. We studied how pre-natal nicotine exposure changes the cholinergic contribution to central respiratory chemoreception in neonatal isolated brainstem-spinal cor...

An increasing body of research has focused on isolating factors that predict or alter individual differences in the behavioral and neural processes mediating the effects of abused drugs. Within this framework, the current report assessed individual differences and the locomotor effect of nicotine. Rats were screened for activity induced by a novel environment. Rats, which were more active to in...

To examine the role of the ventral anteroventral third ventricle (vAV3V) in the hypertension induced by chronic subcutaneous ouabain and intracerebroventricular hypertonic saline, neurons in this area were destroyed by microinjection of an excitotoxin, ibotenic acid. Sham-operated or lesioned Wistar rats were administered ouabain (50 μg/day) or placebo for 3 wk from subcutaneously implanted con...

Stress during peri-pubertal period can determine no communicable disease in adulthood. Thisstudy aims to evaluate whether high fat diet exposure adolescence induces long-termcardiovascular dysfunctions. The ethic committee approved the animal protocol nº1527130815. Wistar rats, 30-days-old, were feed a (HFD, 35% lard w/w) until60-days-old, then fed normal for further 60 days dietary recovery. C...