The Chronicle of Theophanes the Confessor is one few Byzantine historiographical works in which so much space devoted to Islamic world and first ruling caliphate. Of course, most references Muslims concern mostly military issues – numerous Muslim invasions on lands that were happening almost since beginning Islam. Also important was way treated Islam itself as a religion heresy. Therefore, it h...

The Problem arises related to hadith is how search the ideal understanding so that source of this religion remains relevant and its content can be practiced. History records typology dominates almost throughout history textual understanding. In modern era, has crystallized more resulting in standardization Islamic (orthodoxy) which sometimes seems out date. This condition exacerbated by widespr...

This paper aims to figure out Nawawi al-Bantani and Muhammad al-‘Uthaimin about the heresy verses in Qur’an. research stems from problem of scholar’s views responses traditions that are considered heretical. From this controversy, article attempts analyze meaning Nawawi’s interpretation Marāḥ Labīd al-‘Uthaimin’s Tafsīr Qur’ān al-Karīm. These two works represent different religious schools regi...

Abstract This essay argues that the use of conscience as a justification for dissent has an even longer history than often been assumed by intellectual historians Reformation. Through close examination English Wycliffite Sermons ( c. 1380s–1390s) and Testimony William Thorpe (1407), it offers first extended consideration word “conscience” in texts, using this point departure assessment Lollard ...

Abstract This article considers three temporary and reversible penal shaming acts in nineteenth-century Iran: the shaving or cutting of hair, irrespective gender; men's facial hair; forcible removal headgear coerced wearing silly headgear. Drawing on anthropological, historical, sociological studies this study argues that hair hat punishments embodied elements ritual, sexuality, social control,...