Breast cancer is a heterogenous disease. Gene expresssion studies have identified five distinct molecular subtypes of breast cancer. The use of gene expression profiling is currently limited in many clinical settings, and hence histopathological markers such as estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and HER2 are used as surrogates for the moleculer subtypes, which divide breast tum...

Trastuzumab (Herceptin) is a humanized antibody directed against the extracellular domain of the tyrosine kinase receptor HER2 that has shown clinical activity against HER2overexpressing breast tumors (1–4). HER2, the targeted receptor, is a member of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor family of receptors, also known as the type I receptor tyrosine kinase family [for review, see (5)]. H...

Background: Breast cancer is the most common malignancy among women worldwide.The human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER) is a transmembrane receptor in the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor family located at the long arm of human chromosome 17 (17q12). Diagnostic assays for HER2 in breast cancer provide important prognostic information and independently help guide management by ident...

PURPOSE The HER2 gene encodes a 185-kd transmembrane glycoprotein receptor (p185(HER2)) that has partial homology with the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and shares intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity. The HER2 gene has been found to be amplified in various human cancers and to be associated with poor prognosis. The authors investigated the correlation between clinicopathologic factors ...

The formation of HER2 homodimers plays an important role in breast cancer aggressiveness and progression; however, little is known about its localization. We have studied the intra- and intercellular variation of HER2 at the single-molecule level in intact SKBR3 breast cancer cells. Whole cells were visualized in hydrated state with correlative fluorescence microscopy and environmental scanning...

BACKGROUND The immunohistochemical (IHC) evaluation of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PgR), Ki-67 and HER2 is considered a surrogate means for identifying the molecular subtypes of breast cancer with different prognosis. PATIENTS AND METHODS We explored patterns of recurrence in 4837 women with breast cancer defined as Luminal B (ER-positive and/or PgR-positive, HER2 positive ...

OBJECTIVES Trastuzumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody that binds human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), dramatically improves the clinical outcomes of HER2-positive breast cancer. Emerging evidence implied that the clinical behavior and sensitivity to targeted agents in HER2-positive breast cancer differed by hormone receptor (HR) status. The objective of this study was to determine...

Surveillance of left ventricular function, part current US Food and Drug Administration recommendations for anti-human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (anti-HER2) chemotherapy, is based on historical data involving patients who received concomitant anthracycline therapy, a key enhancer cardiac risk. More recent anti-HER2 treatment suggest that cardiotoxicity detected by screening rare usuall...

Pertuzumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody to the HER2 receptor, represents a promising new anti-HER2 agent with a novel mechanism of action targeting the inhibition of HER2 dimerization. Nonclinical and clinical data to date indicate that pertuzumab provides a broader HER2 blockade through the inhibition of HER2 heterodimerization. In preclinical experiments, pertuzumab has demonstrated super...