New information has prompted revision of the conceptual framework for considering the epidemiology and virology of viral hepatitis. The means are now at hand to identify infections due to either Hepatitis A or B, as well as to implicate other etiologic agents in hepatitis. Immunologic evidence of variation in the antigens associated with Hepatitis B, and possibly in Hepatitis A, may explain som...

background: the household transmission of hepatitis b virus (hbv) is a major health problem. high incidence of hbv infection is observed within the household contacts of hbv carriers. we aimed to evaluate serological markers of hepatitis b infection among family members of hbv carriers in arak, central iran. methods: data were collected from the 100 chronic hbv carriers (subjects with positive ...

The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccination and the response to vaccine in individuals on haemodialysis with and without HCV infection. From April 2000 to September 2003 all haemodialysis patients referred to the haemodialysis department in a Babol hospital received 4 microg vaccine intramuscularly at 0, 1, and 6 months. All were negative for HBV i...

BACKGROUND The prevalence of hepatitis B virus infection in Greece has been decreasing over the last decades. However, recent epidemiological data are lacking. METHODS We studied 1,840 Army recruits from 05/2004 until 10/2005, and performed serological testing for HBsAg, anti-HBsAg, and anti-HBcAg. We also examined their association with several factors, including age, residential area, socio...

A weak T‑cell immune response to the hepatitis B virus (HBV) is hypothesized to be the primary cause of chronic HBV infection. Emerging evidence suggests that long‑term effective antiviral therapy restores the HBV‑specific T‑cell response from exhaustion. However, the extent to which the cellular immune response can be restored following the persistent suppression of HBV replication by antivira...

in the recent issue of middle east journal of digestive diseases, we read with great interest the article by bahari et al. 1 , “significance of response to hepatitits b vaccine in subjects with isolated antibody to hepatitis b core antigen”. we wanted to specify some important matters related to the article.

BACKGROUND Factors associated with serologic hepatitis B virus (HBV) outcomes in HIV-infected individuals remain incompletely understood, yet such knowledge may lead to improvements in the prevention and treatment of chronic HBV infection. METHODS AND FINDINGS HBV-HIV co-infected cohort participants were retrospectively analyzed. HBV serologic outcomes were classified as chronic, resolved, an...

Introduction Recently, many studies are available about the detection of viral DNA in sera containing IgM to HBcAg in the absence of HBsAg, which lead to increase the risk of transmission of HBV, what is especially important for blood transfusion and the use of blood products. In this regard, it is important to use highly sensitive ELISA test for detection of IgM against HBcAg which could help ...