نتایج جستجو برای: hengam island

تعداد نتایج: 56127  

Journal: :Proceedings. Biological sciences 2009
John J Welch

The island rule states that after island colonization, larger animals tend to evolve reduced body sizes and smaller animals increased sizes. Recently, there has been disagreement about how often, if ever, this rule applies in nature, and much of this disagreement stems from differences in the statistical tests employed. This study shows, how different tests of the island rule assume different n...

2015
Amy G. Wilson Yvonne Chan Sabrina S. Taylor Peter Arcese Giacomo Bernardi

The Californian Channel Islands are near-shore islands with high levels of endemism, but extensive habitat loss has contributed to the decline or extinction of several endemic taxa. A key parameter for understanding patterns of endemism and demography in island populations is the magnitude of inter-island dispersal. This paper estimates the extent of migration and genetic differentiation in thr...

Journal: :Zoological science 2004
Takuma Watanobe Naotaka Ishiguro Masuo Nakano Akira Matsui Hitomi Hongo Kiyomi Yamazaki Osamu Takahashi

Ancient mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mainly from Jomon Period Sus scrofa bone specimens (6,100-1,700 years old) was examined to clarify the genetic relationships between prehistoric and contemporary S. scrofa on Hokkaido, Honshu, Sado, and Izu islands of the Japanese Archipelago. Phylogenetic analysis of the mtDNA control region (574 bp) and analysis of pairwise nucleotide differences between preh...

Journal: :Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2016
Natalie A Wright David W Steadman Christopher C Witt

Birds are prolific colonists of islands, where they readily evolve distinct forms. Identifying predictable, directional patterns of evolutionary change in island birds, however, has proved challenging. The "island rule" predicts that island species evolve toward intermediate sizes, but its general applicability to birds is questionable. However, convergent evolution has clearly occurred in the ...

2015
Courtney A. Hofman Torben C. Rick Melissa T. R. Hawkins W. Chris Funk Katherine Ralls Christina L. Boser Paul W. Collins Tim Coonan Julie L. King Scott A. Morrison Seth D. Newsome T. Scott Sillett Robert C. Fleischer Jesus E. Maldonado

Island endemics are typically differentiated from their mainland progenitors in behavior, morphology, and genetics, often resulting from long-term evolutionary change. To examine mechanisms for the origins of island endemism, we present a phylogeographic analysis of whole mitochondrial genomes from the endangered island fox (Urocyon littoralis), endemic to California's Channel Islands, and main...

2013
Elaine Stratford Elizabeth McMahon Godfrey Baldacchino Steve Royle E. Stratford

Creative, innovative, and timely research on islands and island futures is warranted and pressing, not least because island(er)s are poorly served by established tropes of them as subordinate to continents or mainlands. Opportunities exist to provide a more thoroughgoing account of island life and island relations, and the seven papers in this special issue address that task. In works that cons...

Journal: :Proceedings. Biological sciences 2010
Shinji Sugiura

The relationship between species number and island area is a fundamental rule in ecology. However, the extent to which interactions with exotic species and how the structure of species interactions is related to island area remain unexplored. Here, I document the relationship between island area and (i) interactions with exotic species and (ii) network structure of species interactions in the c...

2016
Taichi Iida Masashi Soga Shinsuke Koike

The overabundance of large herbivores is now recognized as a serious ecological problem. However, the resulting ecological consequences remain poorly understood. The ecological effects of an increase in sika deer, Cervus nippon Temminck (Cervidae), on three insect groups of beetles was investigated: ground beetles (Carabidae), carrion beetles (Silphidae), and dung beetles (Scarabaeidae and Geot...

2006
SCOTT M. BOBACK

Relative to mainland Boa constrictor, boas from islands off the coast of Belize are described as being smaller, having longer tails, more elongate snouts, and proportionately larger eyes. However, no systematic confirmation of these patterns has been made. A morphometric study was initiated to investigate the body size and head shape variation between island and mainland boas in Belize. One hun...

Journal: :Journal of wildlife diseases 2000
G W Roemer T J Coonan D K Garcelon C H Starbird J W McCall

Island foxes (Urocyon littoralis) are endemic to six of the eight California Channel Islands (USA). The island fox is classified as a threatened species by the State of California, and recently three of the six subspecies have experienced abrupt population declines. As part of a continuing effort to determine the cause of the declines, we tested island fox serum samples collected in 1988 (n = 1...

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