This study tested the hypothesis that specific hypoxic molecules, including hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha), neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), are upregulated within the cerebral cortex of acutely anemic rats. Isoflurane-anesthetized rats underwent acute hemodilution by exchanging 50% of their blood volume with pentastarch. Follow...

BACKGROUND Several blood conservation strategies have been tried with the purpose of reducing homologons blood transfusion. PATIENTS #ENTITYSTARTX00026; METHODS In a prospective randomized study, the potential benefits of acute normovolemic hemodilution (ANH) with autologous transfusion were investigated as a blood conservation technique in surgical excision of intracranial meningioma. Over a...

Studies were carried out to determine the relative importance of volume and hemodilution on hemodynamic adjustments to acute volume expansion. Systemic and renal hemodynamics were monitored in unanesthetized and unrestrained rats during progressive and equivalent blood volume expansion with saline (Sal; 1, 2, and 4% body wt), 7% BSA solution (0.35, 0.7, and 1.4% body wt), and reconstituted whol...

Twenty patients with coronary artery disease were selected at random to study the effects of hemodilution on red blood cell fragility index before undergoing extracorporeal circulation. The purpose of this study is to establish accurate base line values based on hematocrit ranges as a prelude to studying red blood cell trauma during extracorporeal circulation. For each patient studied, five sep...

Anemia may worsen neurological outcomes following traumatic brain injury (TBI) by undefined mechanisms. We hypothesized that hemodilutional anemia accentuates hypoxic cerebral injury following TBI. Anesthetized rats underwent unilateral TBI or sham injury (n > or = 7). Target hemoglobin concentrations between 50 and 70 g/l were achieved by exchanging 40-50% of the blood volume (1:1) with pentas...

The rate of oxygen release from arterioles ( approximately 55 microm diameter) was measured in the hamster window chamber model during flow and no-flow conditions. Flow was stopped by microvascular transcutaneous occlusion using a glass pipette held by a manipulator. The reduction of the intra-arteriolar oxygen tension (Po2) was measured by the phosphorescence quenching of preinfused Pd-porphyr...

Large differences in the tolerance of organ systems to conditions of decreased O(2) delivery such as hemodilution exist. The kidney receives approximately 25% of the cardiac output and O(2) delivery is in excess of the oxygen demand under normal circumstances. In a rat model of acute normovolemic hemodilution (ANH), we studied the effect of reduced hematocrit on renal regional and microvascular...

UNLABELLED Predonation of autologous blood (PAD) is a standard of care for patients undergoing radical prostatectomy, but recent studies have shown that PAD is not cost-effective. Acute normovolemic hemodilution (ANH) is an alternative autologous blood procurement technique that is much less costly than PAD. We compared the efficacy and costs of ANH alone to ANH combined with PAD. Two hundred-f...

INTRODUCTION Although hemostatic agents may be effective at stopping hemorrhage, they may fail because of hemodilution from intravenous fluids. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of QuikClot Combat Gauze (QCG) on rebleeding in a class II hemorrhage in the presence of hemodilution in a lethal femoral injury. METHODS This was a prospective experimental, between swine subje...