background: heat stress is one of the most important consequences of occupational heat exposure worldwide. current heat stress indexes are not suitable for heat strain screening in developing countries due to their inherent and applied limitations. a new observation and subjective screening method is required that needs no instrument. in this study, a scale is developed based on the most import...

Heat acclimation (HA) results in whole body adaptations that increase heat tolerance, and in addition, HA may also result in protective cellular adaptations. We hypothesized that, after HA, basal intracellular heat shock protein (HSP) 72 and extracellular IL-10 levels would increase, while extracellular HSP72 levels decrease. Ten male and two female subjects completed a 10-day exercise/HA proto...

background: heat stress is one of the harmful factors present in many workplaces. it can lead to performance loss and low functionality of the labor force. therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate exposure to heat stress and its consequent performance loss among workers functioning in indoor high-temperature workplaces. materials and methods: this descriptive, analytical study was condu...

background: in the past three decades, tehran has experienced warmer summer so we need to determine heat-related mortality to establish appropriate public health activities during hot summers. the aim of the present study was to detect heat waves during the last decades and then determine excess mortality in immediate and lagged times. method: an ecological study based on time-series model was ...

heat stress is an important and serious threat at work and is a particular concern in outdoor occupational environments. this study aims at comparing heat stress and heat strain at different outdoor groups, examining the protective and adaptive actions which were done by workers and also provi services to them by government or employer to reduce heat load. this cross–sectional study was conduct...

this paper presents a simple methodology for cost estimation of a near optimal heat exchanger network, which comprises mixed materials of construction. intraditional pinch technology and mathematical programming it is usually assumed that all heat exchangers in a network obey a single cost model. this implies that all heat exchangers  in a network are of the same type and use the same materials...