STUDY OBJECTIVE s: To examine changing inequality in the coverage of cervical screening and its relation to organisational aspects of primary care and to inequality in cervical cancer incidence and mortality. DESIGN Retrospective time trends analysis (1991-2001) of screening coverage and cervical cancer incidence and mortality in England. SETTING The 99 district health authorities in Englan...

OBJECTIVE To provide quantitative evaluations on the association between income inequality and health. DESIGN Random effects meta-analyses, calculating the overall relative risk for subsequent mortality among prospective cohort studies and the overall odds ratio for poor self rated health among cross sectional studies. DATA SOURCES PubMed, the ISI Web of Science, and the National Bureau for...

Prior empirical studies have demonstrated an association between income inequality and general health endpoints such as mortality and self-rated health, and findings have been taken as support for the hypothesis that inequality is detrimental to individual health. Unhealthy weight statuses may function as an intermediary link between inequality and more general heath endpoints. Using individual...

State-level income inequality has been found to have an effect on individual health outcomes, even when controlled for important individual-level variables such as income, education, age, and gender. The effect of income inequality on health may not be immediate and may, in fact, have a substantial lag time between exposure to inequality and eventual health outcome. We used the 2006 American Co...

Introduction: Inequalities in urban environment are a significant concern. Socioeconomic level plays an important role in these inequalities. Inequality in environmental hazards is recognized as potential determinants of health disparities. Materials & Methods: In this study, we used individual and cumulative environmental hazard inequality indices to compare the inequality among 379 neighborh...

BACKGROUND China's recent growth in income has been unequally distributed, resulting in an unusually rapid retreat from relative income equality, which has impacted negatively on health services access. There exists a significant gap between health care utilization in rural and urban areas and inequality in health care access due to differences in socioeconomic status is increasing. We investig...

We decompose global inequality in educational achievement into withinand betweencountry components. We find that the former is significantly larger. This is different than results for international income inequality, but similar to results for international health inequality.

BACKGROUND This study aimed to evaluate whether social capital could alleviate health inequality against racial discrimination and identify the critical nature of social capital that generates health inequality differences within the social context of South Korea. METHODS Using the data of the 2009 National Survey of Multicultural Families, a nationally representative sample in which 40,430 f...

There is a very large literature examining income inequality in relation to health. Early reviews came to different interpretations of the evidence, though a large majority of studies reported that health tended to be worse in more unequal societies. More recent studies, not included in those reviews, provide substantial new evidence. Our purpose in this paper is to assess whether or not wider ...