This paper sets out to answer two questions. First, are poor females at a significant disadvantage compared to males and non-poor females in terms of welfare indicators of such as health, education, nutrition, labor force participation, and time use? Second, are female-headed households over-represented among the poor? To answer these questions and maintain consistency in the definition of pove...

Despite the considerable number of rural women in Ethiopia and their contribution in food production, processing , preparation and provision, they are often neglected and deprived of services and amenities which leads to their vulnerability to poverty, food insecurity, gender bias and effects of environmental change. Accordingly, the principal objective of this study is to assess the food secur...

Abstract According to the current land policy of Ethiopia, rural households are legally allowed access agricultural lands. Nonetheless, difficulty population in accessing farmlands makes controversial authenticity this tenure solve problems household farmland access. This study aimed at assessing effects on augmenting Ethiopia. The followed a mixed-methods research design investigate variables ...

BACKGROUND Source of potable water has implication on the population health. Availability of Improved Drinking Water Sources (IDWS) is a problem in developing countries, but variation exists across segments of the population. This study therefore examined the relationship between wealth status, sex of household head and source of potable water. METHODS The 2013 Nigeria Demographic and Health ...

microfinance, banking to the poor, is a recent global phenomenon introduced as a way for combating the poverty in the 1970’s. before that the poor were not allowed access to credit and loans due to the widespread belief that the poor could not repay loans. but microfinance movement with financial innovations reduced the costs and risks of lending to poor households, and presented as tool for re...