Fermented milk products have been used therapeutically in the ancient systems of medicine in the Near and Middle East for centuries. However, the nutritional and therapeutic value of lactic acid organisms is still controversial. Several preclinical and clinical studies have been performed, showing that fermentation of food with lactobacilli increases the quantity, availability, digestibility an...

Napier and Das Gupta (1935) found that in normal Indians in Calcutta (figure 2) the mean acidity level was distinctly higher than thatshown in the textbooks, and that that ol socalled 'normal' tea garden coolies (figure a) though not so high was nevertheless higher than the normal European standard. Apperly (1936) claimed that in Australia he had found that the gastric acidity varied according ...

This paper reports on doctoral research investigating whether Virtual Learning Environments (VLEs) are being used to facilitate student-centred learning in UK Higher Education (HE). The focus is on lecturers (HE teachers) teaching in a face-to-face context. It is claimed that the use of Web or Internet-based technology can facilitate the creation of a student-centred learning environment [1] an...

In 1914 Lebesgue defined a ‘universal covering’ to be a convex subset of the plane that contains an isometric copy of any subset of diameter 1. His challenge of finding a universal covering with the least possible area has been addressed by various mathematicians: Pál, Sprague and Hansen have each created a smaller universal covering by removing regions from those known before. However, Hansen’...

In a recent article, J. D. Kiernan-Lewis has claimed that "it is evident that Nathan Oaldander has failed to understand both the analogy and the ontological point of the argument against tenselessness." The argument, which he believes is implicit in Prior's classic paper "Thank Goodness That's Over," is analogous to the arguments by Thomas Nagel and Frank Jackson against physicalism. Thus, Kier...