In this study, the positions only of linear antenna array (LAA) elements are optimized for first time in literature by using Honey Badger Algorithm (HBA) and Chameleon Swarm (CSA) methods, one new metaheuristic algorithms, design with desired radiation pattern. LAAs 10, 12, 24 32 considered simulations. While designing antenna, half-beam power width (HPBW) is kept at a minimum level maximum sid...

BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus is highly prevalent in minority populations in the United States. We studied the relationship of age to glycemic control in a predominantly urban African American population with type 2 diabetes. METHODS We selected all patients with type 2 diabetes who were enrolled in the Grady Diabetes Clinic, Atlanta, Ga, between April 1, 1991, and December 31, 1998, an...

OBJECTIVES To determine if point-of-care (POC) glycated haemoglobin (HbA₁c) is sufficiently accurate in real-world remote settings to predict or exclude the diagnosis of diabetes based on laboratory HbA1c measurements. DESIGN Cross-sectional study comparing POC capillary HbA₁c results with corresponding venous HbA₁c levels measured in a reference laboratory. PARTICIPANTS Aboriginal patients...

OBJECTIVE We performed a retrospective analysis of a national cohort of veterans with diabetes to better understand regional, geographic, and racial/ethnic variation in diabetes control as measured by HbA(1c). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A retrospective cohort study was conducted in a national cohort of 690,968 veterans with diabetes receiving prescriptions for insulin or oral hypoglycemic ag...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the extent of plasma glucose excursions with meals, the relations between plasma glucose levels at different times of the day, and the relations between the latter and HbA(1c) in non-insulin-treated type 2 diabetic subjects. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Daily glucose profiles were assessed in non-insulin-treated type 2 diabetic patients. Outpatients at the diabetes clinic...

OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between blood glucose level, measured as HbA(1c), and frequency of self-monitoring in patients with type 2 diabetes. Daily self-monitoring is believed to be important for patients treated with insulin or oral agents to detect asymptomatic hypoglycemia and to guide patient and provider behavior toward reaching blood glucose goals...

AIM To examine the association of pre-pregnancy BMI and postpartum weight retention with postpartum HbA(1c) levels in women with Type 1 diabetes. METHODS We longitudinally evaluated 136 women with Type 1 diabetes who received prenatal, pregnancy, and postpartum care through Joslin Diabetes Center's Diabetes and Pregnancy Program between 2004 and 2009. Weight, BMI and HbA(1c) concentrations we...

We have sequenced and fully annotated a 65,871-bp region of mouse Chromosome 17 including the Hba-ps4 alpha-globin pseudogene. Comparative sequence analysis with the functional alpha-globin loci at human Chromosome 16p13.3 and mouse Chromosome 11 shows that this segment of mouse Chromosome 17 contains a group of three alpha-like pseudogenes (Hba-psm-Hba-ps4-Hba-q3), similar to the duplicated se...

Glycated hemoglobin A(1c) (HbA(1c)) indicates the percentage of total hemoglobin that is bound by glucose, produced from the nonenzymatic chemical modification by glucose of hemoglobin molecules carried in erythrocytes. HbA(1c) represents a surrogate marker of average blood glucose concentration over the previous 8 to 12 weeks, or the average lifespan of the erythrocyte, and thus represents a m...

−In reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RP-LC), the separation of ionized compounds at neutral pH of the mobile phase is ineffective because these compounds easily become ionized and too hydrophilic to adsorb on the hydrophobic C18 stationary phase. The common method to separate ionized compounds in RP-LC is the usage of the ion pairing agent and the control of pH in the mobile phase. In this...