The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) came to the conclusion that, worldwide the frequency and magnitude of all types of natural disasters are on the rise. Discernible changes in weather with a general increase in temperature (or a decrease in the number of cold days) have been observed in nearly all the land masses. There is also an increase in the frequency of heavy precipitati...

fa this address, which was given to the Bath Clinical Society on Novetnbei 26Jh, 1966, the author describes some of the difficulties that may beset a cave diver, more particularly those that may be eliminated by training. He then ^akes a study of three fatalities among cave divers, in order to see what Assorts may be drawn from them, and concludes by setting forth some of le more recent ideas o...

We extend the proportional hazards model to a two level model with a random intercept term and random coeecients. The parameters in the multilevel model are estimated by a combination of EM and Newton-Raphson algorithms. Even for samples of 50 groups, this method produces estimators of the regression coeecient which are approximately unbiased and normally distributed. Two diierent methods, obse...

Sir, The Editorial by Raphael and Tomlinson (1986;55:421-2) was an interesting review of some specific aspects of radiation dosage to cardiologists. The authors advised, quite correctly, that those performing catheterisations should be instructed in radiation safety practice before or early in their training. They did not point out, however, the complete absence of structured tuition in radiati...

Losses due to natural hazards (e.g., earthquakes, hurricanes) and technological hazards (e.g., nuclear waste facilities, chemical spills) are both on the rise. One response to hazard-related losses is migration, with this paper offering a review of research examining the association between migration and environmental hazards. Using examples from both developed and developing regional contexts,...

aerosol A colloidal dispersion of liquid particles in a gas, e.g., SO2, which will react with the OH radical in the atmosphere to form tiny droplets of sulfuric acid (H2SO4). hazard In a volcanic context, hazard refers to the phenomena produced by a volcanic event and is directly related to Risk, where Risk1⁄4Hazard Vulnerability, with vulnerability referring to the consequences for population ...