The regulated price policy may be implemented for some products. It is generally implemented for some products such as electricity, natural gas, water and so on that are supplied as monopolist. The regulated price shock on these products may lead to an adjustment in the endowments of primary factors. The aim of this paper is to investigate the effects of a regulated price shock on price indices...

In the past, many have considered the production and use of hydrogen, assuming that it is just another gaseous fuel and can be handled much like natural gas in today’s energy economy. With this study we present an analysis of the energy required to operate an elemental hydrogen economy, with particular reference to road transport. High-grade electricity from renewable or nuclear sources is need...

iranian pistachio is one of the strategic crops within most agricultural commodities having the highest income from exports for the country and a significant share of the country's non-oil exports but the marketing and packaging technologies for this crop are at a low level in comparison with competing countries like usa. in recent years the rate of production and its exports have decreased dra...

R ecently, a number of Asian economies have been roiled by financial problems, including devaluations of their currencies on international markets and sharp declines in the market valuations of publicly traded companies. The recent problems in Asia have led many analysts to sharply reduce their forecasts for Asian economic growth over the next few years and, consequently, to expect exports to A...

Hydraulic fracturing and other recent technological advances have dramatically increased the availability of natural gas in the United States. Moreover, since peaking in 2008, U.S. natural gas prices have fallen dramatically, and industry analysts are forecasting that prices will remain low for the next several decades (e.g., U.S. DOE 2013a). These trends have broad implications for energy mark...

The Indonesian national industry has experienced a slowdown in growth and decrease competitiveness, allegedly caused by the high price of natural gas. Therefore, government intervened implementing Certain Price Natural Gas Policy (Harga Bumi Tertentu), policy that facilitates industries to obtain gas at lower prices through issuance Presidential Decree Number 121 2020 concerning Pricing. This s...

Unlike the industrialised countries of the Pacific Rim, the economies of Pacific islands remain dependent on natural resources. Their exports are dominated by minerals, timber, fish, agricultural products and tourism. Moreover, in contrast to Pacific Rim countries—where the majority of the population is fully integrated into the cash economy—a large proportion of the population of the Pacific s...

Iceland and Trinidad and Tobago are small open, high-income island economies with very specific resource-use patterns. This article presents a material flow analysis (MFA) for the two countries covering a time period of nearly five decades. Both countries have a narrow domestic resource base, their economy being largely based on the exploitation of one or two key resources for export production...