BACKGROUND The severity and course of spinal pain is poorly understood in adolescents. The study aimed to determine the prevalence and two-year incidence, as well as the course, frequency, and intensity of pain in the neck, mid back, and low back (spinal pain). METHODS This study was a school-based prospective cohort study. All 5th and 6th grade students (11-13 years) at 14 schools in the Reg...

S ometimes when a child is sick or hurt, it is necessary for physicians to do a procedure. The purpose of some procedures is to get more medical information; examples include doing a blood draw using a needle or collecting urine through a plastic tube called a catheter that goes into your child’s urethra. The purpose of other procedures is for a treatment, such as putting in stitches for a cut ...

Statistics are essential to many areas of research and individual statistical techniques may change the ways in which problems are addressed as well as the types of problems that can be tackled. Hence, specific techniques may tend to generate high impact findings within science. This article estimates the citation advantage of a technique by calculating the average citation rank of articles usi...

In recent years, there has been increasing interest in synthesis of reduced graphene oxide (rGO)-metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) nanocomposites for room temperature gas sensing applications. Generally, the sensitivity of a MOS can be obviously enhanced by the incorporation of rGO. However, a lack of knowledge regarding how rGO can enhance gas-sensing performances of MOSs impedes its sensing app...

INTRODUCTION In order to achieve a higher success rate for tympanoplasty, different techniques have been developed, and a wide variety of grafting materials have been developed. One of the techniques currently receiving considerable attention involves not lifting the remaining of eardrum from the malleus and embedding the graft underneath in order to repair the eardrum correctly in its original...

Biomedical datasets usually include a large number of features relative to the number of samples. However, some data dimensions may be less relevant or even irrelevant to the output class. Selection of an optimal subset of features is critical, not only to reduce the processing cost but also to improve the classification results. To this end, this paper presents a hybrid method of filter and wr...

OBJECTIVE Evidence collected in many parts of the world suggests that, compared to older students, students who are relatively younger at school entry tend to have worse academic performance and lower levels of income. This study examined how relative age in a grade affects suicide rates of adolescents and young adults between 15 and 25 years of age using data from Japan. METHOD We examined i...

 In this paper by use of mathematical modeling of an observer [14,15] the notion of relative information functional for relative dynamical systemson compact metric spaces is presented. We extract the information function ofan ergodic dynamical system (X,T) from the relative information of T fromthe view point of observer χX, where X denotes the base space of the system.We also generalize the in...

The adaptive value of sleep remains unknown in spite of the intense research performed throughout the last decades. However, few sleep researchers are aware of the difficulties posed by the blind acceptance of an extreme adaptationist viewpoint. Under this philosophy, every anatomical and functional detail present in a living being should have a positive adaptive value, a position that has been...