در این پایان نامه به بررسی ایدآل های اوّل و ابتدائی فازی و رادیکال های آنها می پردازیم. ابتدا به تعاریف اصلی و نتایج منطق فازی در فصل اوّل اشاره می کنیم و در فصل دوم به تعاریف و قضایای مربوط به مجموعه ها و ایدآل های فازی پرداخته، درنهایت در فصل سوم خصوصیات ایدآل های ابتدائی فازی ورادیکال آنها درحلقه های تعویض پذیرمورد بحث و بررسی قرارمی گیرد‎.‎ ایدآل ‎$a$‎ از ‎$r$‎ ایدآل ابتدائی فازی است اگر برا...

chapter two presents three m-admissible function algebras ab, bd, and sl, to construct the universal abelian, band, and semilattice compactifications, respectively. the main results are (11.3), (12.3), and (12.4). some inclusion relationships between these function algebras and the other well-known ones, presented in section 8, are made via the devico of compactifications. chpter three is about...

hedging is a multi-purpose rhetorical strategy which is usually used in scientific arguments to secure ratification of claims, reduce the risk of negation, avoid conflict, manage disagreement and leave room for the audience to assess presented information. hedges are frequently used in research articles to mitigate the findings of research endeavors. the present research aims to investigate the...

the rise and stublishment of safavid dynasty was depend on triangle of tasavof, tashayo and royalty, kings legitimized their power upon these. therefore for the understanding the functions of that period we must explore the role of this elements. although application and emphsise upon dignities such as; complete mentor (morshede kamel), deputy of absent imam (nayebe imame ghayeb), and god’s sha...

the present study set out (a) to examine the categories of pedagogical knowledge related to the act of teaching of novice and experienced teachers as gleaned from their verbal report of what they were thinking about while teaching and (b) to compare the categories of pedagogical knowledge of novice and experienced teachers. the aim of comparing these two groups of teachers was to see whether di...

this study investigated the effects of three kinds of gloss conditions, that is traditional non-call marginal gloss, audio gloss, and extended audio gloss, on reading comprehension and vocabulary gain of iranian upper- intermediate efl learners. to this end, three experimental and one control groups, each comprising 15 participants, took part in the current study. in order to ensure that the pa...

among the low–dimensional allotropes of carbon, nanotubes and graphene have attracted very much attention from nano–science and nanotechnology specialists. they have been proposed as building blocks in nanometer device engineering. however, these structures are not defect–free. in this thesis, we focused on defective carbon nanotubes and graphene, and studied the effect of couple of very common...

since the modern art is chosen to discuss, it means a wide expansion of art courses are affected by modernism that enter to the new realms. because of expanded subject, lack of sources and also the close relationship between painting and animation, this thesis emphasizes on the painting and it is recommended to use the phrase “modern painting” instead of modern art (which is more general). thi...