Dialogues are generated in a joint process of offering and accepting moves. Depending on the dialogue genre, there is usually one participant who takes the initiative; other participants respond to the initiative. In this paper, we further investigate the process of uptake [1, 4]. Essentially, an initiative is ambivalent. The way in which an initiative is ‘taken up’, allows the responder to mod...

the opinion of islamic jurists are different on the subject off inheritance of diya'(blood money). on the other hand, the matter of inheritance of diya' has important legal effects from the viewpoint of tort law and general theory of obligations. these are the main questions: who are the heirs of diya'? does homicide by error, like murder, is an impediment to inheritance of diya&...

Background Recognizing the importance of having a broad exploration of how cultural perspectives may shape thinking about ethical considerations, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) funded four regional meetings in Africa, Asia, Latin America, and the Eastern Mediterranean to explore these perspectives relevant to pandemic influenza preparedness and response. The meetings were ...

Physicians encounter complex and sensitive ethical challenges in the medical care of pregnant women with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. This paper identifies those ethical challenges and provides concrete clinical guidance for how they should be addressed in obstetric care. The paper begins with a brief historical review, to highlight and to call into question the civil rights mo...

A traditional ethic of medicine asserts that physicians have special obligations to individual patients with whom they have a clinical relationship. Contemporary trends in US healthcare financing like bundled payments seem to threaten traditional conceptions of special obligations of individual physicians to individual patients because their population-based focus sets a tone that seems to emph...

In this paper we formalize sanction-based obligations in the context of Searle’s notion of construction of social reality. In particular, we define obligations using a counts as conditional, Anderson’s reduction to alethic modal logic and Boella and Lesmo’s normative agent. Our analysis presents an alternative criticism to the weakening rule, which has already been criticized in the philosophic...

In this paper, we combine deontic logic with Alternatingtime Temporal Logic (ATL) into a framework that makes it possible to model and reason about obligations and abilities of agents. The way both frameworks are combined is technically straightforward: we add deontic accessibility relations to ATL models (concurrent game structures), and deontic operators to the language of ATL (an additional ...

The Lake: Alice, Bertha, and Claudia live around Forest Lake, at some distance from each other. The ecosystem is sensitive, in particular to the solvent they have been using when painting their boats, and the lake is faring badly. Until recently, they had no way of knowing that the solvent would have this effect, but they just learned that it is in fact killing the fish in the lake, and that th...

What does it take for two agents A and B in an organization tòwork together' to achieve their goals? A ubiquitous way in which agents can work together is having both A and B request various things from each other and execute each other's requests. A straightforward way for A (say) to request something from B is by formulating the request as a set of things A either wants B to do or wants B to ...