Information is a necessity for the interests of government, economy, social culture, as well defense and security in era industrial revolution 4.0. Since 1976, Indonesian government has been working on developing satellite communication system starting with Palapa A1 Satellite, followed by its subsequent generations. However, this limitations, particularly providing coverage to rural areas Indo...

Hypoxia-activated prodrugs (HAPs) have been designed to target low-oxygen regions within tumors, where drug-resistant clones may thrive. We demonstrated in previous mathematical modeling work that, when combined with standard tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy, they may have the potential to significantly improve treatment outcomes for patients with EGFR-mutant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)...

The 1990 Clean Air Act Amendment (CAAA) empowered the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to set emission standards for a number of potentially hazardous air pollutants (HAPS) generated by a variety of specific combustion sources. Eleven elements (or compounds of these elements) present in coal are among the 189 pollutants identified as air toxics by the CAAA legislation. Mercury is incl...

Erratum All EHP content is accessible to individuals with disabilities. A fully accessible (Section 508–compliant) In hazardous air pollutant (HAP) data used in their paper, U.S.-wide background concentrations were not added to the concentration estimates for 13 HAPs [benzene, carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, ethylene dibromide, ethylene dichloride, formaldehyde, hexachlorobenzene, mercury, me...

Scientific research is of proven value to protecting public health and the environment from current and future problems. We explore the extent to which the Precautionary Principle is a threat to this role for science and technology. Not surprisingly for a relatively simple yet still incompletely defined concept, supporters of the Precautionary Principle come from different viewpoints, including...

National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-0001 With the recent developments in Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers it is becoming more feasible to place these instruments in field environments. As a result, there has been enormous increase in the use of FTIR techniques for a variety of qualitative and quantitative chemical measurements. These methods off...

BACKGROUND The impact of heat waves on mortality and health inequalities is well documented. Very few studies have assessed the effectiveness of heat action plans (HAPs) on health, and none has used quasi-experimental methods to estimate causal effects of such programs. OBJECTIVES We developed a quasi-experimental method to estimate the causal effects associated with HAPs that allows the iden...