The biochemical and serological characters of 36 unclassified cultures are described, and according to these characters the organisms belong to the genera Citrobacter, Aerobacter and Hafnia. While studying the antigenic relationships of the 0 antigens the known antigenic relationship between some serotypes of Citrobacter and Salmonella was confirmed; new antigenic relationships with s. locarno,...

There is now evidence that the pathophysiology of chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is related to inflammation and oxidative & nitrosative stress (IO&NS) with a) signs of immune activation and a suppression of ex vivo cellular immune responses; and b) damage to membrane lipids, functional proteins and DNA by O&NS. The above disorders are mediated by intracellular inflammation as indicated by an in...

Gram positive aerobic or facultatively anaerobic spore forming gram positive bacilli were first identified by Christian Gottfried Ehrenberg in 1885 and were later classified by Ferdinand Cohn in to a separate genus Bacillus [1]. Aerobic spore forming gram positive bacteria are commonly referred to as ASB’s and includes members of Bacillus spp which are basically saprophytes living as thermophil...

OBJECTIVE To investigate the molecular characteristics of extended-spectrum cephalosporin (ESC)-resistant Enterobacteriaceae collected during a cross-sectional study examining the prevalence and risk factors for faecal carriage of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae in humans living in areas with high or low broiler density. METHODS ESC-resistant Enterobacteriace...

Understanding the phylogenetic and geographical history of Neotropical lineages requires having adequate geographic and taxonomic sampling across the region. However, Colombia has remained a geographical gap in many studies of Neotropical diversity. Here we present a study of Neotropical skinks of the genus Mabuya, reptiles that are difficult to identify or delimit due to their conservative mor...

BACKGROUND Infections of Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto (s.s), E. multilocularis and E. shiquicus are commonly found co-endemic on the Qinghai-Tibet plateau, China, and an efficient tool is needed to facilitate the detection of infected hosts and for species identification. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS A single-tube multiplex PCR assay was established to differentiate the Echinococcu...

Recently, tomatoes have been implicated as a primary vehicle in food-borne outbreaks of Salmonella enterica serovar Newport and other Salmonella serovars. Long-term intervention measures to reduce Salmonella prevalence on tomatoes remain elusive for growing and postharvest environments. A naturally occurring bacterium identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing as Paenibacillus alvei was isolated ep...