the critics and the literary figures believe that abu al atahiyeh (213 or 209-230) is the leading poet of arabic ascetic poetry, and this poetry is embossed on the temple of arabic ascetic poetry. his innovation and creativity on ascetic poetry have made the researchers draw various interpretations. some believe that he has been inspired by hassan basri, and some claim that he has cherished the...

khwāja naṣīr al-dīn ṭūsī is one of the greatest thinkers of the middle centuries (ah), who enjoys a high status in science and literature and has a worldwide reputation. naṣīr al-dīn ṭūsī did not suffice himself merely with science (‘ilm) and thought and was involved in practical politics, too. the last two decades of khwāja naṣīr’s life in ilkhanids courts was his period of scientific and prac...

ṣadr al-muti’allihīn shīrāzī is the founder of a school known as transcendental philosophy. employing the heritage of his predecessors, he has opened a new way before seekers of the truth. one of the features of his philosophical school is the frequent use of the verses of the qur’ān and traditions of the infallibles (a.s.) in his philosophical works. on the basis of the philosophical principle...

abd al-wahhab al-bayyati(1926-1999) is one of those poets whose poems make frequent use of myths. drawing on the ancient myths, and making modifications to them, he tries, while enriching his literary work, to express his views more cogently he does not simply retell the traditional myths, rather, he present new and richer interpretations of these myths and using defamiliarization, conveys his ...

We conduct an experiment to determine the effect of ambiguity on status quo bias. We find no evidence of the bias in the absence of ambiguity and when ambiguity is present both in the status quo option and the alternative. We do find evidence for status quo bias under asymmetric presence of ambiguity, i.e. when the status quo option is non-ambiguous and the alternative is, or when the status qu...

Consumers often must choose between a course of action that preserves the status quo and a course of action that is a departure from the status quo. This research demonstrates that preference for the status quo is a function of goal orientation and, in particular, that it tends to be more pronounced for prevention-focused than for promotion-focused consumers. The preference for the status quo w...

We introduce and axiomatically characterize a model of status quo bias in which the status quo affects choices by both changing preferences and focusing attention. The resulting Limited Attention Status Quo Bias model can explain both the finding that status quo bias is more prevalent in larger choice sets and that the introduction of a status quo can change choices between non-status quo alter...

2.1 Mobility – Change for the Good . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 2.2 How to Measure and Compare Mobility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 2.3 Traffic Volume in Passenger Traffic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 2.4 Buying and Consumer Be...