Two methods of detecting antibodies to tetanus toxoid were compared, a radioimmunoassay (RIA) employing radiolabelled staphylococcal protein A and a direct haemagglutination (HA) method employing sheep erythrocytes coupled to tetanus toxoid with chromic chloride. These were shown to have a similarly high specificity with the HA method showing slightly higher sensitivity. Haemagglutination offer...

Newcastle disease virus (NDV), avian influenza virus (AIV), and infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) are the most prevalent viral pathogens in the Iranian poultry industry. This study aimed to reveal the presence of these viruses in the backyard chickens in Ahvaz, located in the Southwest of Iran. A total of 100 chickens with respiratory signs and mortality were examined by taking the blood sample...

Newcastle disease is one of the most important diseases of poultry. It usually causes a great loss inpoultry industry and domestic village chickens. Since domestic chickens in villages are free ranging for food,the chance of their contact with wild birds that may act as reservoirs is high. To determine the role ofdomestic chickens in the epizootiology of Newcastle disease virus in villages of I...

A new variant of viral haemorrhagic disease of rabbits (VHD) virus, recently detected in Poland and called Blaszki (BLA), gives positive results in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and exhibits viral protein of 60 kilodaltons (VP 60), as detected by Western blot analysis. This BLA variant of VHD virus has caused high morbidity and mortality in rabbits, as have other reported variants w...

SYNOPSIS Sheep red cells, sensitized with a genus-specific leptospiral substance extracted from a water leptospira, were preserved by freeze drying. The serological reactivity of the preparation was tested against a total of 41 sera from proven cases of human leptospirosis and 27 from proven cases of animal leptospirosis. The sensitized, freeze-dried red cells appeared to be a sensitive reagent...

The titre of antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii was compared in 1985 sera by use of an indirect haemagglutination test (ToxHA test--Wellcome Reagents Ltd) and the dye test. Sera from 42 patients with clinical or serological indications of recent toxoplasmosis were also examined to determine if the ToxHA test would be of value in detecting early stages of the disease. Nine recent cases of lymphaden...

humoral immune response of vaccine-i (supermatent from sonicated sporulated oocyst), vaccine –ii (sediment from sonicated sporulated oocyst) and vaccine –iii (un-sonicated sporulated oocyst) against conccidiosis in chickens was determined by indirect haemagglutination (iha) test. iha antibody titre was significantly higher (p