Accumulating evidence indicates that lung cancer arises due to multiple genetic changes in both dominant oncogenes, such as ras, and tumor suppressor genes, such as p53. In this report we examined whether the wild-type p53 gene is able to suppress in vitro and/or in vivo cellular growth of lung cancer cell lines which carry multiple genetic abnormalities. Introduction of a wild-type p53 complem...

Theories of political redistribution are tested using data collected in three phases of the International Social Survey Programme. Individuals categorized as having high, middle, or low incomes were asked whether they consider the overall tax burden in their countries too high, too low or about right. Very few citizens indicated that they were satisfied with tax systems; most believed that taxe...

We test whether fi nancial incentives have an eff ect on weight reduction in a randomized controlled trial involving 700 obese persons assigned to three experimental groups. While two treatment groups obtain €150 and €300, respectively, for achieving an individually assigned target weight within four months, a control group receives no such premium. The results indicate that the weight losses f...

A major problem of the positive theory of income taxation is to explain why statutory income tax schedules in practice are marginal-rate progressive. While it is commonly believed that this is but a simple consequence of the fact that the number of relatively poor voters exceeds that of richer voters in general, putting this contention in a voting equilibrium context is not a trivial task. We d...

The consumer response to changing gasoline prices has long interested economists and policymakers, for it has important implications for the effects of gasoline taxation and vehicle energy efficiency policies. This study examines both the elasticity of driving with respect to changing gasoline prices and heterogeneity in this elasticity by geography, the fuel economy of the vehicle, and the age...

Ž . This paper investigates the significance of induced technological change ITC for the attractiveness of CO abatement policies. We use analytical and numerical general equilib2 rium models in which technological change results from profit-maximizing investments in R&D. We show that carbon abatement policies have very different impacts on R&D across industries, and do not necessarily raise the...

This article uses theory and experiments to investigate voluntary-threat approaches for regulating nonpoint source water pollution. The policies allow a group of polluters to voluntarily meet a pollution standard, under threat of a mandatory tax policy to be implemented in the case of noncompliance. Building upon recent work by Segerson and Wu (2006), who propose what we label an “exogenous” vo...

Understanding who benefits from fuel price subsidies and the welfare impact of increasing fuel prices is key to designing, and gaining public support for, subsidy reform. This paper updates evidence for developing countries on the magnitude of the welfare impact of subsidy reform and its distribution across income groups, incorporating more recent studies and expanding the number of countries. ...

A class of inequality measures that is a natural companion to the popular Lorenz curve is the class of measures that are linear in incomes. These measures, which include the Gini and S-Gini coefficients, can be interpreted as ethical means of relative deprivation feelings. Their change through the tax and benefit system can be decomposed simply as a sum of progressivity indices for individual t...

Article history: Received 17 December 2014 Received in revised form 26 August 2015 Accepted 24 November 2015 Available online 18 December 2015 The growth of fossil fuel power production and the consequent increase in the level of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions have set off an alarm signal worldwide. Different policies have been implemented to incentivize the development of renewable energy sour...