In his essay commemorating the famous Hawthorne studies, Harold Leavitt (1975) suggested that people and organizations would be “better off” if groups, not individuals, were the basic building blocks of organizations (Hackman, 1987). Since his prophetic essay, the use of groups and teams in organizations has greatly expanded. As the focus of organizations shifted toward quality, innovation, and...

Sediment management is guided by both technology and local so-cioeconomic conditions.llpstreaa management in China emphasizesgully control. Warping of land is practiced wherever conditionspermit. Both make use of sediment as an asset. Sediment is alsoused to enlarge Yellov River levees to 50 to 70 m wide.Useful storage capacity of a large reservoir may be preservedpe...

Cold, dry, and nutrient-poor, the McMurdo Dry Valleys of Antarctica are among most extreme terrestrial environments on Earth. Numerous studies have described microbial communities low elevation soils streams below glaciers, while less is known about in higher above glaciers. We characterized life four landscape features (habitats) a mountain Taylor Valley. These habitats varied significantly so...

Introduction: Two main theories of gully formation on Mars exist depending on the source of water. One holds that water was released from the subsurface [1]. The other proposes that water is deposited as nearsurface ice or snow from the atmosphere and is subsequently melted by insolation [2-4]. In this paper we applied fractal theory to study a gully's head alcove in different orientations of a...

Our study investigates possible formation mechanisms of the very recent bright gully deposits (BGDs) observed on Mars in order to assess if liquid water was required. We use two models in our assessment: a one-dimensional (1D) kinematic model to model dry granular flows and a two-dimensional (2D) fluiddynamic model, FLO-2D (O’Brien et al., 1993, FLO Engineering), to model water-rich and wet sed...

Introduction: Since the discovery of gullies on some crater slopes and valley walls [1], there have been several hypotheses put forth concerning their origin and formation [2-10]. This study focuses on gullies that are located on the central peak of Lyot crater located in the Northern Plains of Mars (50.4N, 29.3E). The gullies source between 150m and 750m below the top of the central peak. A pr...

This paper estimates the soil erosion rate and erosion-induced carbon sink using a new approach, and distinguish the contribution from topsoil erosion, gully erosion and landslides. The role of conservation programs on reducing soil erosion is also assessed. Special comments: 1. The abstract is too long and needed to be simplified. Besides, as the soil erosion rate estimated in this paper is mu...

Some methodologies were compared in providing erosion maps of surface, rill and gully and erosion features, in research which took place in the Varamin sub-basin, north-east Tehran, Iran. A photomorphic unit map was produced from processed satellite images, and four other maps were prepared by the integration of different data layers, including slope, plant cover, geology, land use, rocks erodi...

Astract: This paper shows how recent situation of soil erosion evaluation and prediction on a regional scale based on the techniques of spatial information. The study, which was carried out in central China, identified sediment discharge, precipitation, soil composition, gully density and land use as erosion factors at the regional level. It showed that soil erosion can be assessed and predicte...

A new survey of Mars Orbiter Camera (MOC) narrow-angle images of gullies in the 30◦–45◦ S latitude band includes their distribution, morphology, local topographic setting, orientation, elevation, and slopes. These new data show that gully formation is favored over a specific range of conditions: elevation (−5000 to +3000 m), slope (>10◦), and orientation (83.8% on pole-facing slopes). These dat...