Nitric oxide (NO) and the other reactive nitrogen species (RNOS) play crucial patho-physiological roles at the interface of oxidative stress and signalling processes. In mammals, the NO synthases (NOSs) are the source of these reactive nitrogen species, and so to understand the precise biological role of RNOS and NO requires elucidation of the molecular functioning of NOS. Oxygen activation, wh...

tions have been developed as fundamentally important crosscoupling reactions. In general, the heteroatom nucleophiles in these reactions have been largely limited to alkylamines, anilines, carboxylates and phenols. Our laboratory is interested in searching the synthetically useful heteroatom nucleophiles for the synthesis of functionalized allylic compounds (Fig. 1). As our successful examples,...

The ideas fundamental to the design of cation complexing host molecules can also be applied in the construction of molecular hosts for anions. Following the basic concept the macrotricyclic ammonium hosts la and j& were prepared. They were shown to bind anions by encapsulation into their molecular cavities in aqueous solution. This inclusion process causes guest discrimination according to inte...

Vascular dysfunction induced by uremia has 4 main aspects. (1) Atherosclerosis is increased. Intima-media thickness is increased, and animal studies have established that uremia accelerates atherosclerosis. Uremic toxins are involved in several steps of atherosclerosis. Leukocyte activation is stimulated by guanidines, advanced glycation end products (AGE), p-cresyl sulfate, platelet diadenosin...

Paludrine, N1-p-chlorphenyl-N5-isopropylbiguanide acetate, was found by British workers to be ;he most active antimalarial of a series of synthetic guanidines and biguanidines (1, 2). It possesses high activity against the erythrocytic asexual parasites of both vivax and falciparum malaria and is practically non-toxic at therapeutic doses (3, 4). Previous study of the compound has included exte...