background and objectives: the aim of this study was to investigate the significance of multiple-mutations in the katg gene, predominant nucleotide changes and its correlation with high level of resistance to isoniazid in mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates that were randomly collected from sputa of 42 patients with primary and secondary active pulmonary tuberculosis from different geographic r...

Natural remedies from medicinal plants are considered to be effective and safe alternative treatment for diabetes mellitus. Our aim was to demonstrate the hypoglycaemic and antidiabetic activity of the water extract of Annona squamosa (custard apple) in diabetic animals with a view to explore its use for the treatment of diabetes mellitus in humans. Hot-water extract of the leaves of A. squamos...

D iscussion about gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is slowly creating traction on the best way forward. Recent evidence has confirmed that there is a continuum of risk for adverse maternal and fetal outcomes as the maternal glucose level rises (1,2). There is an increasing number of studies supporting the importance of fuel-mediated teratogenesis, including epigenetic influences, that are le...

Telomeres are specialized structures of repetitive nucleotide sequences that cap the ends of human chromosomes. Their main purpose is to maintain genome stability and integrity, and to protect the cell from progressive DNA shortening during repeated division. Human enzyme telomerase complex maintains the length of telomere repeats. Despite the high levels of telomerase activity in cancer cells,...

Objective: To compare efficiency of glucose challenge test with oral glucose tolerance test for detection of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Methods: This observational cross sectional study was conducted in The Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Sharif Medical and Dental College / Sharif Medical City Hospital, from December 2012 to June, 2013. 1000 consecutive pregnant ladies were ...

In this paper, we have proposed a location update scheme by applying swap technique and enhanced GTT in STP. This scheme achieves significant improvement in signalling costs compared to other location update schemes. This paper presents the details of this scheme and provides comparison results with other location database management schemes. The performance results clearly indicate that our pr...

Graph transformation tools (GTTs) are powerful tools for analysing syntax trees. In the state of the art importing syntax trees in GTTs requires a format-specific converter that is prone to changes. This research solves the dependence on import tools by using the GROOVE GTT to subsume all steps involved in creating the syntax tree. Consequently our approach is wholly defined in terms of graph t...