Background & Aim:  The aim of this study was to assess the bactericidal effect of three medicinal plant species, including Thymus vulgaris, Trachyspermum ammi, and Mentha aquatica on Erwinia carotovora growth. Experimental: This research was done in a factorial to completely randomized design with three concentrations, and three replicates on nutrient agar c...

The mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK)1 and ERK2, involved in regulating cell growth and differentiation, are constitutively active in A375 and WM239 human melanoma cells. Using PD098059, an inhibitor of MAPK kinase (MEK), we investigated the role of persistently activated ERK1/2 in cell growth. The inhibition of MAPK activity induced a...

mammals f Box Protein substrates Biological functions of substrates kinase(s) Fbxw1/βTRCP1 (Fbxw11/ β-TrCP2) Atf4 txn factor, stress pathways β-Catenin txn activator, Wnt signaling Gsk3 BimEL BH3 homology, induces apoptosis Rsk1, Rsk2 Bora Aurora kinase activator, spindle stability Gsk3, Plk3 Cdc25A phosphatase, CDK activator, cell cycle Chk1 Cdc25B phosphatase, CDK activator, cell cycle Claspi...

Abstract Introduction: Matrix metalloproteinase 2 is one of the inflammatory mediators that is involved in nociceptive processing and its production is regulated by many inflammatory factors such as nitric oxide. We studied the role of MMP-2 on the analgesic effects of nNOS inhibitor. Methods: Considering that nitric oxide has many roles in pain processing, we studied the CSF levels of MMP-2 ...

Background & Aim:  The aim of this study was to assess the bactericidal effect of three medicinal plant species, including Thymus vulgaris, Trachyspermum ammi, and Mentha aquatica on Erwinia carotovora growth. Experimental: This research was done in a factorial to completely randomized design with three concentrations, and three replicates on nutrient agar c...

Theranostics The study in article number 2102816 by Hui Mao and co-workers reports systemic targeted delivery of sub-5 nm theranostic iron oxide nanoparticles carrying the anti-cancer topoisomerase I inhibitor, SN38, to intracranial tumors glioblastoma via enhanced permeability retention effect tumor integrin targeting, leading improved efficacy growth inhibition.

Abstract Summary: Guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEF) control the rate-limiting step of physiologic RAS activation. In this issue Cancer Discovery, Hofmann and colleagues describe discovery a selective inhibitor targeting GEF, SOS1, along with its preclinical effects in suppressing KRAS-mutant tumor growth. See related article by et al., p. 142.

Casein kinase II (CK2) inhibitors suppress cancer cell growth. In this study, we examined the inhibitory effects of a novel CK2 inhibitor, hematein, on tumor growth in a murine xenograft model. We found that in lung cancer cells, hematein inhibited cancer cell growth, Akt/PKB Ser129 phosphorylation, the Wnt/TCF pathway and increased apoptosis. In a murine xenograft model of lung cancer, hematei...

Inhibition of the type I IGF receptor (IGF1R) has been the focus of numerous clinical trials. Two reports in this issue describe the results of phase I trials of an IGF1R tyrosine kinase inhibitor OSI-906. This commentary will describe the complex endocrine changes induced by these types of agents.