This paper describes an improved, faster, implementation of the σ-IASI model, with a new parameterization of radiative transfer in cloudy atmosphere. The model can compute up and/or downwelling spectral radiances, emitted from the Earth’s system and their analytical Jacobians with respect to a set of geophysical parameters and the water vapour and carbon dioxide continua absorbing coefficients....

Radiocarbon dating of ground water is used in combination with the primary measurements of classical hydrological and chemical analyses. Radiocarbon dating will produce the best results when it involves multiple measurements or sequential sampling. The most useful data come from these comparisons and not from absolute ages. In the case of multiple measurements, the apparent ages of the ground w...

abstract the use of water sources has increased due to extend of agricultural activity for answering food needs of increasing population. while because of exploitation and consumption of water, the use of this restricted resource is not appropriate. consequently in many districts of country the head level of ground water aquifers have been fallen and water level is negative. so, application of ...

1 Ground water is an almost ubiquitous source of generally high-quality fresh water. These characteristics promote its widespread development, which can be scaled and localized to demand, obviating the need for substantial infrastructure1. Globally, ground water is the source of one third of all freshwater withdrawals, supplying an estimated 36%, 42% and 27% of the water used for domestic, agri...

The age of ground water in any given sample is a distributed quantity representing distributed provenance (in space and time) of the water. Conventional analysis of tracers such as unstable isotopes or anthropogenic chemical species gives discrete or binary measures of the presence of water of a given age. Modeled ground water age distributions provide a continuous measure of contributions from...

in iraq, waste generation was increased after 2003 war events due to intensepopulation developmentand economic growth. the limitation of designable system for municipal solidwaste (msw) management led toserious problems regarding environment and human health. sanitary landfill in the south of kirkuk is the first kindof effective system for municipal solid waste management in iraq. in the first ...

study of the ground water quality in hodeidah is an essential ingredient for a healthypopulation. in this research, study of drinking water samples for eight water sources wells in thequti field has been achieved. the purpose was to a certain the quality of water from thesesources, the physical properties such as ph, electrical conductivity (ec) and total dissolvedsolids (tds), showed the varia...