the aim of this study is to assess cost-effectiveness of infliximab, compared with conventional treatments in patients with moderate to severe ulcerative colitis (uc) in iran. we developed an analytical decision model with a 5-year-time horizon to follow up 1000 hypothetical patients, in order to estimate treatment costs and outcomes. hypothetical patients, were individuals with moderate to sev...

Abstract This paper presents the estimates of gross domestic product (GDP) Congress Kingdom Poland for period 1870–1912. The authors used bottom-up methodology and calculated sectoral added values using historical economic, social, demographic data. presented results offer first ever insight into structure in during globalization reliable GDP Poland. All are Geary–Khamis dollars PPP1990 compati...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Stroke accounts for more than 10% of all deaths globally and most of it occurs in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). Income inequality and gross domestic product (GDP) per capita has been associated to stroke mortality in developed countries. In LMIC, GDP per capita is considered to be a more relevant health determinant than income inequality. This study aims to inv...

One of the most used measures of the economic health of a nation is the Gross Domestic Product (GDP): the market value of all officially recognized final goods and services produced within a country in a given period of time. GDP, prosperity and well-being of the citizens of a country have been shown to be highly correlated. However, GDP is an imperfect measure in many respects. GDP usually tak...

sectors is examined with regard to promoting the gross domestic product (GDP) of 12 countries in Asia and the Pacific over the last three decades. In six of those countries, namely Bangladesh, Kiribati, Malaysia, Maldives, the Philippines and the Republic of Korea, Johansen cointegration tests confirmed the existence of cointegrating relations. In the remaining countries, namely Fiji, Nepal, Si...

In 2012, the Chatham House established a Working Group on Health Financing, of which I was a member, to deliberate on a global framework for health financing (Røttingen et al., 2014) (reference to paper by McIntyre et al., 2017). Intensive discussions and exhaustive studies brought out 20 recommendations. Of them three were important points emphasizing the need for countries to (i) ensure a min...

REAL GROSS domestic product (GDP) decreased at an annual rate of 6.2 percent in the fourth quarter of 2008, according to the “preliminary” estimates of the national income and product accounts (NIPAs) (chart 1 and table1).1 In the third quarter, real GDP declined 0.5 percent. The fourth-quarter decrease was the largest since the first quarter of 1982. It was revised down 2.4 percentage points f...

Abstract The aim of this study is to identify the dynamics Gross Domestic Product growth in Indonesian fisheries and marine sector. This important considering that Indonesia a country has abundant wealth but faces several challenges such as production quality, investment growth, global uncertainty, international trade cycle. Thus, considers variables, namely GDP sector, domestic investment, for...

The paper estimates a large-scale mixed-frequency dynamic factor model for the euro area, using monthly series along with Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and its main components, obtained from the quarterly national accounts. The latter define broad measures of real economic activity (such as GDP and its decomposition by expenditure type and by branch of activity) that we are willing to include in...

Japan's level of defense expenditure relative to tbe size of its economy bas long been uniquely low among the major industrialized countries. As of 1995, Japan's expenditures stood at 0.96 percent of gross domestic product (GDP).' Even adding to this tbe approximately 0.3 percent of GDP devoted to pensions for retired personnel, the level of spending is considerably less than that of major West...