We introduce two frameworks for constraint solving where classical CSPs, fuzzy CSPs, weighted CSPs, partial constraint satisfaction , and others can be easily cast. One is based on a semiring, and the other one on a totally ordered commutative monoid. We then compare the two approaches and we discuss the relationship between them.

Subquadrangles are a natural way in which to represent constraints as they do not restrict any subset of their scope. There are already known methods for converting any given constraint into a set of subquadrangles, but we require a method by which an entire constraint satisfaction problem instance can be converted as a whole. In this paper we present two methods by which we might decompose a g...

New Urbanism design principles have been adopted for many urban planning efforts in recent years. The purpose of this paper is studding the structure and space of Shahid Beheshti Square as one of the most important and old squares of Tabriz from the view of new urbanism principals. In order to reaching this purpose the data were collected through a questionnaire distributed among peoples that a...

A constraint satisfaction problem is a permutation problem if it has the same number of values as variables, all variables have the same domain and any solution assigns a permutation of the values to the variables. The dual CSP interchanges the variables and values; the eeects of combining both sets of variables in a single CSP are discussed.

Developing students' academic identityisessentialforachieving academic success in universities.In this regard, environmental psychologists believe that physical context directly affects the level of ones' place identity. In other words, more positive assessment of the environment results in higher place identity. It implies that the designer can strengthen the bond between person and place by d...