zrp2o7 nanoparticles have been used as an efficient catalyst for the preparation of 2-aryl-5-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1h-3-pyrazolones by a simple one-pot four-component reaction of phenyl hydrazines, ethyl acetoacetate ,β-naphthol and benzaldehydes under microwave irradiation in good to excellent yields. when the reaction was carried out using zrocl2.8h2o, zro2 and zrp2o7 nps as the catalyst, the pr...

An efficient synthesis of (1H-tetrazole-5-yl) pyrazines is achieved by one pot multi- component coupling reaction of α-dicarbonyl compounds, 2,3-diaminomaleonitrile and sodium azide using MgFe2O4 nanoparticles as a robust catalyst under ultrasonic irradiation. This novel synthesic method using MgFe2O4 nanoparticles is easier, faster than that of using other nanoparicles. MgFe2O4 nanoparticles h...

A green and sustainable nitrone formation reaction via visible-light-promoted of aryl diazoacetates with nitrosoarenes is described. This protocol exhibits good functional group tolerance broad substrate scope for both nitrosoarenes. Comparing the reported methods synthesis nitrones from nitrosoarenes, described herein occurs under sole visible-light irradiation without need any catalysts addit...

A novel catalytic synthesis of 3,3'-(arylmethylene)-bis-(4-hydroxy-2H-chromene-2-one) derivatives from a tandem condensation reaction of 4-hydroxycoumarin and aromatic aldehydes has been developed. The reaction occurs in water in the presence of Melamine trisulfonic acid as catalyst to give the corresponding products in good to high yields. This green approach has several advantages such as sho...

A rapid and efficient method for the synthesis of bis-thiazolidinones has been achieved by pseudo five-component reaction of aldehydes, ethylenediamine and thioglycolic acid in the presence of nano-NiZr4(PO4)6 as catalyst under microwave irradiation. Nano-NiZr4(PO4)6 has been characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), v...

An efficient and green protocol for the synthesis of 2-arylsubstituted benzimidazoles via a condensation reaction of aromatic aldehydes and 1,2-phenylenediamine using nano-Fe3O4@SiO2-SO3H as a solid acid catalyst in ethanol under reflux conditions has been described. The reactions are completed in short times, and the corresponding benzimidaz...

A green and convenient protocol is described for the preparation of E-1-(alkylamino)-3- (1,3-dioxoisoindolin-2-yl)-2-methyl-1-oxopropan-2-yl viaone-pot three-component reaction between 2-(2-oxopropyl)isoindoline-1,3-dione, an alkyl isocyanide and an E-cinnamic acid in water at room temperature. The methods used to follow the reactions are TLC and NMR, which indicated that there is no side produ...

Multi-component coupling reaction (MCR) is a powerful synthetic tool for the synthesis of biologically active compounds. Development of such multi-component coupling reaction strategies in visible light has been of considerable interest, as they provide simple and rapid access to a large number of organic molecules through a sustainable path. An efficient and green protocol for the synthesis of...

Dual-color photon counting histogram (PCH) analysis utilizes the photon counts in two detection channels to distinguish species by differences in brightness and color. Here we modify the existing dual-color PCH theory, which assumes ideal detectors, to include the non-ideal nature of the detector. Specifically, we address the effects of deadtime and afterpulsing. Both effects modify the shape o...

To date, significant effort has gone into designing green traffic engineering (TE) techniques that consolidate traffic onto the minimal number of links/switches/routers during off-peak periods. However, little works exist that aim to green Multi-Protocol Label Switching (MPLS) capable networks. Critically, no work has studied the performance of green label switched paths (LSPs) establishment me...