Given a tree and a set of paths in the tree, the problem of finding a minimum number of paths from the given path set to cover all the vertices in the tree is investigated in the paper. To distinguish from the classical path cover problem, such an optimization problem is referred to as vertex covering by paths. The problem and its edge variant, edge covering by paths, find applications in machi...

green architecture, or green design, is an approach to building that minimizes harmful effects on human health and the environment. the “green” architect or designer attempts to safeguard air, water, and earth by choosing eco-friendly building materials and construction practices. so, green architecture is building and structure design philosophy that aims at minimal use of non-renewable and/or...

Urban Green Spaces (UGS) contribute to the sustainable development of urban ecosystem, positively impacting quality life and providing ecosystem services social benefits inhabitants. For planning, mapping quantification UGS become crucial. So far, contribution private green spaces in areas has yet be studied. At same time, many Italian cities, they represent a considerable part cover. This stud...

ABSTRACT Urban greenery has positive impacts on the well-being of residents and provides vital ecosystem services. A quantitative evaluation full-view green coverage at human scale can guide space planning management. We developed a still camera to collect hemisphere-view panoramas (HVPs) obtain in situ heterogeneous scenes established panoramic cover index (PGCI) model measure human-scale cove...