Clustering is an effective approach for managing nodes in Wireless Sensor Network (WSN). A new method of clustering mechanism with using Binary Gravitational Search Algorithm (BGSA) in WSN, is proposed in this paper to improve the energy consumption of the sensor nodes. Reducing the energy consumption of sensors in WSNs is the objective of this paper that is through selecting the sub optimum se...

In the context of the Hamiltonian formulation of the teleparallel equivalent of general relativity we compute the gravitational energy of Kerr and Kerr Anti-de Sitter (Kerr-AdS) space-times. The present calculation is carried out by means of an expression for the energy of the gravitational field that naturally arises from the integral form of the constraint equations of the formalism. In each ...

Using the fact that teleparallel gravity allows a separation between gravitation and inertia, explicit expressions for the gravitational and the inertial energy-momentum densities are obtained. It is shown that, like all other fields of nature, gravitation alone has a tensorial energy-momentum density which in a general frame is conserved in the covariant sense. Together with the inertial energ...

In (T. Ma and S. Wang. Gravitational field equations and theory of dark matter and dark energy, Discrete and Continuous Dynamical Systems, Ser. A, 34(2): 335–366, 2014; arXiv:1206.5078v2), a new set of gravitational field equations are derived based only on 1) the Einstein principle of general relativity, and 2) the principle of interaction dynamics, due to the the presence of dark energy and d...

We provide quantitative evidence that a new solution to averaging the observed inhomogeneous structure of matter in the universe (Wiltshire 2007a,b), leads to an observationally viable cosmology without exotic dark energy. We find concordance parameters which simultaneously satisfy three independent tests: the match to the angular scale of the sound horizon detected in the cosmic microwave back...

This paper derives the expressions of the multipole moments of an isolated gravitating source with an accuracy corresponding to the second postNewtonian (2-PN) approximation of general relativity. The moments are obtained by a procedure of matching of the external gravitational field of the source to the inner field, and are found to be given by integrals extending over the stress-energy distri...

Puxun Wu and Hongwei Yu ∗ Department of Physics and Institute of Physics, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China Abstract The effects of the gravitational back reaction of cosmological perturbations are investigated in a phantom inflation model. The effective energy-momentum tensor of the gravitational back reaction of cosmological perturbations whose wavelengths are larger than...

Gravitational waves in the linear approximation propagate in the Schwarzschild spacetime similarly as electromagnetic waves. A fraction of the radiation scatters off the curvature of the geometry. The energy of the backscattered part of an initially outgoing pulse of the quadrupole gravitational radiation is estimated by compact formulas depending on the initial energy, the Schwarzschild radius...

We show that gravitational radiation is produced quite efficiently in interactions of classical waves created by resonant decay of a coherently oscillating field. For simple models of chaotic inflation in which the inflaton interacts with another scalar field, we find that today’s ratio of energy density in gravitational waves per octave to the critical density of the universe can be as large a...