Freshwater crayfish (Astacus leptodactylus) is an important economic fisheries resource of Aras reservoir, Iran. The infection of freshwater crayfish by gram negative and gram positive bacteria are common in natural and cultural environments. These bacteria are considered as secondary disease agents or opportunities. This study was conducted to investigate infes...

background: many efforts have been done to find effective agents against resistant pathogens. cuminum cyminum l. (cumin) is an aromatic plant within the apiaceae family. it has a variety of purposes and demonstrates antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. this study evaluated the activity of c. cyminum extract and essential oil against bacterial isolates which cause urinary tract infection, i...

It was demonstrated that mycoplasmas, gram-negative bacteria, and certain gram-positive bacteria share a similar protein antigen with a molecular weight ranging from 42,000 to 48,000. Western blotting (immunoblotting) with an antibody specific to a 43-kDa membrane protein of Mycoplasma fermentans showed the existence of this protein antigen in all Mycoplasma spp. tested (14 species), Acholeplas...