This chapter about antithrombotic therapy for coronary artery disease is part of the Antithrombotic and Thrombolytic Therapy: American College of Chest Physicans Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines (8th Edition). Grade 1 recommendations are strong and indicate that the benefits do, or do not, outweigh risks, burden, and costs. Grade 2 suggestions are weaker as there is uncertainty regar...

INTRODUCTION Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors have a key role in the treatment of patients with acute coronary syndromes undergoing percutaneous interventions. Although, an increased risk of bleeding complications is well recognized, its association with diffuse alveolar hemorrhage is much less recognized. Previous authors have suggested that the incidence of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor ass...

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of garlic powder (GP) black seed (BS) and plant premix (GP and BS) in the diet on broiler growth performance and intestinal morphology. included 480 Hubbard broiler chicks(day-old). There were 4 treatment groups each consisting of 3 replicates. The four dietary treatments consisted of a control (basal diet), basal diet +0.5% GP, basal diet +0....

P-glycoprotein (P-gp), a member of the ATP-binding cassette transporter family, is overexpressed in a number of different cancers and some studies show that P-gp overexpression can be correlated to poor prognosis or therapeutic resistance. Here we sought to elucidate if PF-3758309 (PF-309), a novel p-21 activated kinase inhibitor, efficacy was influenced by tumor P-gp. Based on in vitro prolife...

The absorption of many drugs is affected by their interaction with ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters. The most extensively studied of these ABC transporters is the proein product of MDR1 (multidrug resistance) that encodes a 170-kDa integral plasma membrane phosphorylated glycoprotein known as P-glycoprotein (P-gp). The purpose of this study was to determine, using two different methods, ...

The drug efflux function of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) encoded by MDR1 can be influenced by genetic polymorphisms, including two synonymous changes in the coding region of MDR1. Here we report that the conformation of P-gp and its drug efflux activity can be altered by synonymous polymorphisms in stable epithelial monolayers expressing P-gp. Several cell lines with similar MDR1 DNA copy number were ...

BACKGROUND HIV protease inhibitor (PI)-induced inflammatory response in macrophages is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. We have previously reported that berberine (BBR), a traditional herbal medicine, prevents HIV PI-induced inflammatory response through inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in macrophages. We also found that HIV PIs significantly increased the intracellu...

In our study, we attempted to investigate the influences of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) on DL0410, a novel synthetic molecule for Alzheimer's disease (AD) treatment, for intestinal absorption and blood-brain barrier permeability in vitro and related binding mechanisms in silico. Caco-2, MDCK, and MDCK-MDR1 cells were utilized for transport studies, and homology modelling of human P-gp was built for f...

Identifying molecules that interact with P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is important for drug discovery but is also generally reliant on time-consuming in vitro and in vivo studies. As an alternative approach, the current study applied pharmacophore models and database screening to rapidly retrieve molecules that bind as substrates or inhibitors for P-gp from commercial databases and then confirmed thei...

The inhibitory effect of galloyl pedunculagin (GP) isolated from Platycarya strobilacea on the activity and autophosphorylation of Ca(2+)- and phospholipid-dependent protein kinase (C-kinase) was examined in vitro. It was found that (i). GP inhibited the activity (phosphorylation of complement C3 from guinea pig) of C-kinase alpha (rat brain) in a dose-dependent manner with an ID(50) of approx....