نتایج جستجو برای: government expenditures
تعداد نتایج: 140835 فیلتر نتایج به سال:
This paper examines government expenditure convergence within the expanded European Union. Except for a few cases convergence was generally not validated for government consumption, transfers, subsidies nor for their aggregate, all expressed in constant real per capita terms. Neither was any long run equilibrium relationship found between these categories of expenditures and GDP. Causality test...
It has been shown that under perfect competition and constant returns-to-scale, a onesector real business cycle model may exhibit indeterminacy and sunspots when income tax rates are determined by a balanced-budget rule with a pre-set level of government expenditures. This paper shows that indeterminacy disappears if the government finances endogenous public spending and transfers with fixed in...
Over the past decades, the citizen–government relationship has changed. Citizens transitioned from traditional communications to interactions through e-government systems. While e-government systems expenditures increased, citizens’ trust in e-government systems was a challenge. Moreover, although the role of information quality (IQ) as a contributor to trust in information systems (IS) receive...
extensive studies in human development show that achieving stable human development without considering the social and economic development of women in different aspects of life would not be possible. regarding the situation of women in different societies, the importance of the issue appear to be more important in developing countries. considering the key role of governments, the impact of gov...
There are many indices for measuring property rights (PR) security. They may be classified into two groups: subjective proxies and objective proxies. Most of the proxies are subjective. One contribution of this paper is introducing a new approach for measuring government expenditures devoted to PR protection. Calculating physical capital within the introduced new approach is another contributio...
This article presents data on health care spending for the United States, covering expenditures for various types of medical services and products and their sources of funding from 1960 to 1994. Although these statistics for 1994 show the slowest growth in more than three decades, health spending continued to grow faster than the overall economy. The Federal Government continued to fund an incr...
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