Despite the fact that national parks and other protected areas are mostly adopting the sustainable development process, it was found that sustainability has yet to be perceived pragmatically in these areas. Due to its process, this paper presents a monitoring framework approach to develop and implement indicators for sustainable tourism. To illustrate the application of the framework, a set of ...

This research compared the numbers and types of different Mycobacterium species in soil samples taken from 2 areas of Golestan province, Islamic Republic of Iran, 1 with a high prevalence of tuberculosis and 1 with a low prevalence. From 220 samples, 91 grew positive cultures (41.4%) and 161 different strains were diagnosed. The most common species isolated were Mycobacterium fortuitum, M. flav...

BACKGROUND Gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD) is the most common gastrointestinal disease in the west that has shown increasing incidence in Iran and Asian countries. The main presentations, described for GERD, are heartburn and acid regurgitation. METHODS In this cross-sectional study in 2006, all personnel of Golestan Medical University (Northeast of Iran) were enrolled. A questionnair...

abstract amusement programming, accomplishing ecological and/or environmental plans, in addition to establishing recreational centers, are of the important issues in regional and large-scale management of each country. herein, lack of financial resources to establish amusement areas, has led the natural resource management system to valuate such resources based upon new scientific methods. meas...

one of the problems in forest park management, planning, and design is the tendency to consider recreation independent from aesthetic preferences and ecological objectives. this paper presents the findings of an examination of recreational activities in relation to aesthetics and ecological potentials in siangtan forest park in iran. although protected areas constitute most of this 591 ha park,...

in this study, sustainable management of saravan park of gilan was planned in the form a decision support system model in 3 periods of 10 years for different states of park and considering the economics, ecological and social criteria. in the first, using fuzzy analytic hierarchy programming, desirable level of economics, ecological and social criteria in their composite utility value in differ...

abstract this paper carried out to study determinants of willingness to pay and ecotourism value of tandoreh natioral park using cross section data of 144 households of dargaz and ghochan and contingent value method and logit model in 2008. results showed that age and entrance offer have negative effect and income have positive effect on willingness to pay for ecotourism in tandoreh natioral pa...