When we obtain an optimal solution using GA (Genetic Algorithm), operation such as crossover, reproduction, and mutation procedures is using to generate for the next generations. In this case, it is possible to obtain local solution because chromosomes or individuals which have only a close affinity can convergent. To improve an optimal learning solution of GA, this paper deal with applying PSO...

Functionally graded plates whose material properties vary continuously through the thickness are modelled as exactly equivalent plates composed of up to four isotropic layers. Separate models are derived for analysis using classical plate theory, firstorder and higher-order shear deformation theory. For cases where Poisson’s ratio varies through the thickness, the integrations required to obtai...

To survive in harsh conditions, motile bacteria swim in complex environments and respond to the surrounding flow. Here, we develop a mathematical model describing how flagella bending affects macroscopic properties of bacterial suspensions. First, we show how the flagella bending contributes to the decrease in the effective viscosity observed in dilute suspension. Our results do not impose tumb...

The presence of the delamination causes reductions in the bending stiffness which in turn leads to the undesirable loss in the compressive buckling and post-buckling strength. Thus, it is of chief importance to investigate the compressive behavior of composites with delaminations. Anastasiadis et al. analyzed the buckling and postbuckling behavior of delaminated composite laminates with a throu...

This research presents, buckling and free vibration analysis of fiber metal-laminated (FML) plates on a total and partial elastic foundation using the generalized differential quadrature method (GDQM). The partial foundation consists of multi-section Winkler and Pasternak type elastic foundation. Taking into consideration the first-order shear deformation theory (FSDT), FML plate is modeled and...