The neotropical genus Potamium as described by Mitten (1869) included species that had little more in common than a growth form adapted to a semi-aquatic habitat. Brotherus divided the genus in section Eu-Potamium and section Potamiopsis, based on peristome characters. This study shows that all species of section Eu-Potamium belong to Sematophyllum, including P. lonchophyllum which was designat...

A single-inductor dualoutput (SIDO) buck converter has recently found applications in handheld battery-powered electronic devices. The circuit operation and the functional interdependencies among basic converter parameters such as dc voltage gains, transistor duty cycles, and load current levels are much more complicated than those of the singleoutput counterpart. In this project, a rigorous an...

Olfactory perception translates abstract chemical features of odorants into meaningful neural information to elicit appropriate behavioral responses (Shepherd, 1994; Buck, 1996). Specialized bipolar olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) are responsible for the initial events in odor recognition. These have ciliated dendrites exposed to the environment, and a single axon that extends into the brain a...

The neutral beam injection generate ultra-high temperature energy in the tokamak of nuclear fusion. The neutral beam injection make up arc power supply, filament power supply and acceleration & deceleration power supply. The arc power supply has characteristics of low voltage and high current. Arc power supply generate arc through constant output of voltage and current. So this paper proposed s...

A modeling based on the practical switches with finite turn-on, turn-off, delay, storage and reverse recovery times is proposed. The switching effects on the state equation, system stability, dc gain and efficiency are shown for the boost, buck and buck-boost converters. The effect of switching time variation by current on system stability is given as an extension of the storage time modulation...

Ghrelin acts as an endocrine link connecting physiological processes regulating food intake, body composition, growth, and energy balance. Ghrelin is the only peptide known to undergo octanoylation. The enzyme mediating this process, ghrelin O-acyltransferase (GOAT), is expressed in the gastrointestinal tract (GI; primary source of circulating ghrelin) as well as other tissues. The present stud...

Taste perception plays an important role in regulating food preference, eating behavior and energy homeostasis. Taste perception is modulated by a variety of factors, including gastric hormones such as ghrelin. Ghrelin can regulate growth hormone release, food intake, adiposity, and energy metabolism. Octanoylation of ghrelin by ghrelin O-acyltransferase (GOAT) is a specific post-translational ...

In Oklahoma, goat producers are blessed with climatic conditions conducive to viable goat production. However, they also are burdened with the eastward expansion of predator populations that constantly are increasing. Predator control within a goat herd is probably one of the single most important factors in maintaining profitable returns from a goat operation. In 2004, U.S. losses of goats and...

Solid-state switch-mode rectification converters have reached a matured level for improving power quality in terms of power-factor correction (PFC), reduced total harmonic distortion at input ac mains and precisely regulated dc output in buck, boost, buck–boost and multilevel modes with unidirectional and bidirectional power flow. In this paper, an improved power quality converter employing con...

Bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) is an economically important pathogen of cattle worldwide. Infection of a pregnant animal may lead to persistent infection of the foetus and birth of a persistently infected (PI) calf that sheds the virus throughout its life. However, BVD viruses are not strictly species specific. BVDV has been isolated from many domesticated and wild ruminants. This is of pr...