Physicians are key personnel in a sector which is important due to its size as well as the quality of service it provides. We estimate the labor supply of physicians employed at hospitals in Norway, using personnel register data merged with other public records. A dynamic labor supply equation is estimated using a sample of 1303 male physicians observed over the period 1993-1997. The methods of...

the most modern techniques in biotechnology owe their existence to the discovery of dna cloning and the genetic manipulation of organisms. however biotechnology is not new science in fact, many applications represent old practices with new methodologies. human have been used organisms for their benefit in many processes for several thousand years. therefore, one way of thinking about biotechnol...

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infects cells of the monocyte/macrophage lineage. While infection of macrophages by HIV-1 is generally not cytopathic, it does impair macrophage function. In this study, we examined the effect of HIV-1 infection on intracellular signaling in human monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM) stimulated with the growth factor granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimul...

Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is a specific humoral growth factor that stimulates both neutrophilic granulocyte and macrophage production by bone marrow hematopoietic progenitor cells. GM-CSF also stimulates the proliferation and clonal growth of both tissue macrophages and blood monocytes. Although at low concentrations GM-CSF was unable to support the long-term gro...

The aim of the work was to define the influence of dietary supplementation with GM (genetically modified) GT#4 flaxseed cake enriched in polyphenols on inflammation development in mice liver. Mice were given ad libitum isoprotein diets: (1) standard diet; (2) high-fat diet rich in lard, high-fat diet enriched with 30% of (3) isogenic flax Linola seed cake; and (4) GM GT#4 flaxseed cake; for 96 ...

The Cayley graphs Gm(G)=Cay(Gm,S) of Cartesian powers the finite group G with respect to canonical symmetric subsets S=S(m)⊂Gm are investigated. It is proved that for each m>1 graph Gm(G) determines up isomorphism. groups automorphisms Aut(Gm(G)) determined. shown if a non-abelian group, then Aut(Gm(G))≃(Gm⋊Aut(G))⋊Dm+1, where Dm+1 dihedral order 2m+2. If an abelian (with some exceptions m=3), ...

Human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (hGM-CSF) induces proliferation and sustains the viability of the mouse interleukin-3-dependent cell line BA/F3 expressing the hGM-CSF receptor. Analysis of the antiapoptosis activity of GM-CSF receptor betac mutants showed that box1 but not the C-terminal region containing tyrosine residues is essential for GM-CSF-dependent antiapoptotic a...

In the present study, culture supernatants from larger granular lymphocytes (LGL) that were activated with Candida albicans antigens were shown to stimulate the ability of neutrophils to inhibit fungal growth. Identification of the activation factors showed that granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), a hematopoietic growth factor, was involved. Human peripheral blood mononuc...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Hemodynamic compromise due to occlusive cerebrovascular disease is associated with an increased stroke risk. Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) has been suggested to stimulate collateral blood vessel growth in various models of hemodynamic compromise. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of GM-CSF on cerebral hemodynamics and ves...

p-value Volume Loss (mm) p-value Volume Loss (mm/month) p-value Volume Loss (mm/month) p-value Volume Loss (mm/score) GM (a) RPreCG 0.410441 0.004591 6.2985 0.998379 0.793932 GM (b) LPostCG 0.059720 2.6797 0.996625 0.054022 0.1550 0.000746 0.4340 GM (c) RSPL 0.131938 0.257703 0.001240 0.4895 0.069113 0.4005 GM (d) RMTG 0.861741 0.320083 0.032794 0.1580 0.192544 GM (e) RMTG 0.060396 7.1550 0.000...