نتایج جستجو برای: glutamates n methyl d aspartate receptors ampa receptors excitotoxicity kainate
تعداد نتایج: 1694719 فیلتر نتایج به سال:
Inhibition generated by granule cells, the most common GABAergic cell type in the olfactory bulb, plays a critical role in shaping the output of the olfactory bulb. However, relatively little is known about the synaptic mechanisms responsible for activating these interneurons in addition to the specialized dendrodendritic synapses located on distal dendrites. Using two-photon guided minimal sti...
Neurotransmission during development regulates synaptic maturation in neural circuits, but the contribution of different neurotransmitter systems is unclear. We investigated the role of GABAA receptor-mediated Cl- conductances in the development of synaptic responses in the Xenopus visual system. Intracellular Cl- concentration ([Cl-]i) was found to be high in immature tectal neurons and then f...
Deletion of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) early in development results in an increase in the number of synaptic AMPA receptors (AMPARs), suggesting a role for NMDARs in negatively regulating AMPAR trafficking at developing synapses. Substantial evidence has shown that AMPAR subunits function differentially in AMPAR trafficking. However, the role of AMPAR subunits in the enhancement of...
Abstract: The establishment of functional neuronal circuits relies on the formation of excess synapses, followed by the elimination of inappropriate connections. Although the stabilization of presynaptic inputs is critical for the development of functional circuits, the signals that regulate presynaptic stability are not known. Here we report that synapse formation in cortical cultures is highl...
Heterogeneity of synaptic inputs onto neocortical layer 5 pyramidal neurons could result from differences in the underlying receptors, yet previous work has shown that functional attributes of AMPA receptors are uniform among synaptic connections onto these neurons. To determine whether NMDA receptors (NMDARs) would be similarly uniform, we compared in the same pyramidal neurons pharmacological...
The excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate has been implicated in both migraine and persistent pain. The identification of the kainate receptor GLU(K5) in dorsal root ganglia, the dorsal horn, and trigeminal ganglia makes it a target of interest for these indications. We examined the in vitro and in vivo pharmacology of the competitive GLU(K5)-selective kainate receptor antagonist LY466195 [(3S,...
Long-term potentiation (LTP), which approximates Hebb's postulate of associative learning, typically requires depolarization-dependent glutamate receptors of the NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspartate) subtype. However, in some neurons, LTP depends instead on calcium-permeable AMPA-type receptors. This is paradoxical because intracellular polyamines block such receptors during depolarization. We report tha...
Glutamate, the neurotransmitter, enhances rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep when microinjected into the brain stem pedunculopontine tegmentum (PPT) of the cat and rat. Glutamate and its various receptors are normally present in the PPT cholinergic cell compartment. The aim of this study was to identify which specific receptor(s) in the cholinergic cell compartment of the PPT are involved in glutam...
Glutamate is the principal neurotransmitter at the primary sensory afferent synapse in the medulla for the taste system. At this synapse, glutamate activates N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) and non-NMDA (alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid [AMPA] and kainate) ionotropic receptors to effect a response in the second-order neurons. The current experiment is the first to examine th...
Functional analysis of Caenorhabditis elegans glutamate receptor subunits by domain transplantation.
Glutamate receptors are not only abundant and important mediators of fast excitatory synaptic transmission in vertebrates, but they also serve a similar function in invertebrates such as Drosophila and the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. In C. elegans, an animal with only 302 neurons, 10 different glutamate receptor subunits have been identified and cloned. To study the ion channel properties ...
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