Many studies suggest that the sustained activation underlying working memory (WM) maintenance is mediated by a distributed network that includes the prefrontal cortex and other structures (e.g., posterior parietal cortex, thalamus, globus pallidus, and the caudate nucleus). A computational model of WM, called FROST (short for FROntal-Striatal-Thalamic), is proposed in which the representation o...

Mechanism of production of Parkinsonian symptoms The clinical features that result when the 'extrapyramidal' motor system is involved in disease are often highly characteristic, but unfortunately not yet well understood. Explanation of symptoms of Parkinson's disease is difficult not only because of their complexity but also by difficulties in interpreting the pathological material. There are f...

Striatal targets related to the dorsal thalamus were studied in reptiles. The lateral striatum projects to globus pallidus and to three cellular groups associated to the lateral forebrain bundle: the anterior entopeduncular nucleus, the suprapeduncular nucleus, and the ventromedial thalamic nucleus. The projection is heavier on the suprapeduncular nucleus, which in turn projects on nucleus rotu...

A 41-year-old male presented with carbon monoxide (CO) exposure. The patient’s Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score was 9. Dual-energy CT (DECT) revealed a perfusion defect on the bilateral globus pallidus (Figure 1a). The patient was intubated and immediately underwent hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT). In addition to normobaric oxygen therapy, two sessions on the first day and one session each on th...

Background: Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia is indeed common. However, severe nerve injuries and bilirubin encephalopathy are rare and only occur in the unusual cases of extreme hyperbilirubinemia. Objectives: To investigate brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) changes and their correlations with perinatal predisposing factors in neonates with indirect hyperbilirubinemia, via regions of interest ...

Treatment with unilateral left globus pallidus internus (GPi) deep brain stimulation is reported in a patient with severe delayed onset post-traumatic cervical dystonia. He had sustained severe head trauma at the age of 17 and had developed a mild right hemiparesis. Three years after the head injury, cervical dystonia with head turning to the left side developed. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI...

Deep brain stimulation for Parkinson's disease is a well-established therapeutic intervention for refractory disease. The main nuclear targets are the subthalamic nucleus and the globus pallidus internus. Periodic limb movements are often an associated condition in patients with Parkinson's disease. Both conditions can respond to dopaminergic agents. The case of a 57-year-old ma...

Many studies suggest that the sustained activation underlying working memory maintenance is mediated by a distributed network that includes prefrontal cortex and other structures (e.g., posterior parietal cortex, thalamus, globus pallidus, and the caudate nucleus). A computational model of working memory, called FROST (short for FROntal-Striatal-Thalamic), is proposed in which the representatio...

Primary generalized dystonia presents mainly at a young age and commonly is severely disabling. The authors report the long-term follow-up (mean, 73 months; range, 50-101 months) of 5 pediatric patients (mean age at surgery 13 years; range, 8-16 years) undergoing globus pallidus internus deep brain stimulation. Mean improvement in the Burke-Fahn-Marsden movement score was 67.4% (range, 47.0%-87...

INDIAN PEDIATRICS 291 VOLUME 41MARCH 17, 2004 A 12-year-old boy was brought unconscious to our casualty nearly 12 hours after he fell asleep in a covered tractor, close to a working generator. He was normotensive, had decerebrate rigidity, equal and reacting pupils, normal optic fundi and no focal deficits. Pulse oximetry showed 95% saturation. ECG revealed sinus tachycardia. Liver and kidney f...