Most GISs uses system specific data models and databases. Although standardisation efforts have been made during decades, the integration of different data models is still a research issue. Ontologies are developed to provide an interface between diverse domains or universes of discourse. For example, ontological engineering is applied for establishing standards in the field of Geographic Infor...

Because of significant uncertainty in the behavior of the climate system, evaluations of the possible impact of an increase in greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere require a large number of long term climate simulations. Studies of this kind are impossible to carry out with coupled atmosphere ocean general circulation models (AOGCMs) because of their tremendous computer resource requ...

We analyze five prominent time series of global temperature (over land and ocean) for their common time interval since 1979: three surface temperature records (from NASA/GISS, NOAA/NCDC and HadCRU) and two lower-troposphere (LT) temperature records based on satellite microwave sensors (from RSS and UAH). All five series show consistent global warming trends ranging from 0.014 to 0.018 K yr−1. W...

An important problem of GIS technology is the proper storage and retrieval of geographic data, and the logical database model, i.e. the approach taken in specifying the structure and meaning of and the operations performed on the stored data, is fundamental to its solution. A geographic logical database model should obey all the principles of: a) syntactic database models, including file integr...

Traditionally, GISs employ purely quantitative methods to represent and infer spatial information. This approach has serious shortcomings when dealing with qualitative spatial information, which may be incomplete or imprecise and without knowledge of the particular geometry of the spatial objects involved. This paper describes efforts to build a prototype of a qualitative spatial reasoner about...

Increasing number of geodata producers and users have expressed the need for the integration of geodata from distributed information sources and for interoperable GISs (Stoimenov, 2002). The systems that own this data must be capable of interoperation with systems around them, in order to make access to this data to become feasible. The system also must deal with issues unique to geospatial dat...

In this contribution, nine new Grounded Inductance Simulators (GISs) using a single Multiple-Output Current Controlled Conveyor Transconductance Amplifier (MO-CCCCTA) and one grounded capacitor are proposed. Among them, two lossless types seven lossy types. The use of makes the circuits suitable for fabrication. All proposed electronically tunable through bias currents MO-CCCCTA. Furthermore, n...

XML is accepted as a standard format for data exchange on the Web. XML security research has mainly been focused on textual documents since its origin. The previous works are not appropriate in the context of geographic data, which comprises spatial and non-spatial data. Controlling access to those data was a troublesome task because of proprietary and composite data formats of GISs and complex...

Geographic Information Systems (GISs) are composed of useful tools to map and to model the spatial distribution of events that have geographic importance as schistosomiasis. This paper is a review of the use the indicator kriging, implemented on the Georeferenced Information Processing System (SPRING) to make inferences about the prevalence of schistosomiasis and the presence of the species of ...