This paper assesses the welfare impact of trade and technology diffusion as well as the change in the cross-country distribution of GDP due to removal of trade costs and diffusion barriers. The model extends the multi-country Ricardian trade model of Alvarez and Lucas (2007) to include technology diffusion with diffusion barriers. A key feature of the model is that some countries export goods p...

Objective. We investigated the effects of the centralization of obstetricians and obstetric care facilities on the perinatal mortality rate in Japan. Methods. We used the Gini coefficient as an index to represent the centralization of obstetricians and obstetric care facilities. The Gini coefficients were calculated for the number of obstetricians and obstetric care facilities of 47 prefectures...

BACKGROUND The relation between income inequality and mortality in Canada is unclear, and modifying effects of characteristics such as immigration have not been examined. METHODS Using a cohort of 2 million Canadians followed for mortality from 1991-2001, we calculated HRs and 95% CIs for income inequality of 140 urban areas (Gini coefficient, Atkinson index, coefficient of variation; express...

In K-Means Clustering, the number of attributes a data can affect iterations generated in grouping process. One solutions to overcome these problems is by using reduction technique on dimensions dataset. this study, authors apply Gini Index perform attribute set reduce that have no effect dataset before clustering with Clustering. The used be tested as testing instrument research Absenteeism at...

Background and purpose: Utilization of health care services and food influence the health status. The food and health care expenditure ratios determine the importance level of them in household's consumption expenditures. We aimed to investigate the Iranian rural and urban food and health expenditure ratios inequality during 1998 to 2012. Materials and Methods: This is a descriptive longitudina...

Debates over economic growth generally focus on factor supply, especially capital accumulation, labor stock and skill, natural resources, technological capacity. Quality of human life, as well distribution national income among citizens are evaluated in terms their effects performance, this study. The relationship between growth, development, Turkiye is analyzed with ARDL test using the data 19...

This article provides an introduction to the normative approach to inequality measurement. Multivariate generalizations of the procedures used to construct univariate inequality indices from social evaluation orderings are described. Axiomatizations of multivariate Atkinson, Kolm– Pollak, and generalized Gini indices are discussed. Maasoumi’s [Econometrica (1986)] two-stage procedure for constr...

BACKGROUND With the depth development of health care system reform in China, emergency medical services (EMS) is confronted with challenges as well as opportunities. This study aimed to analyze the equity of China's EMS needs, utilization, and resources distribution, and put forward proposal to improve the equity. METHOD Three emergency needs indicators (mortality rate of cardiovascular and c...