Increasing evidence suggests that socioeconomic factors may be associated with an increased risk of dental caries. To provide better evidence of the association between dental caries in adults and socioeconomic indicators, we evaluated the relation between these two conditions in a thorough review of the literature. Seven databases were systematically searched: Pubmed, Cochrane, Web of Science,...

BACKGROUND This study aims to evaluate the dialectical relationship between equity and efficiency of health resource allocation and health service utilization in China. METHODS We analyzed the inequity of health resource allocation and health service utilization based on concentration index (CI) and Gini coefficient. Data envelopment analysis (DEA) was used to evaluate the inefficiency of res...

Finding the best location is the first and most fundamental step in planning for offering a service or product to costumers. To locate appropriate location, scholars have suggested a variety of models based on circumstances and conditions. Equality is of importance in locating models in the utility sector and in making equal accessibility to urban utilities for members of the society; it has an...

16. After years of stagnation, economic growth in the Region resumed: as of 2007, nearly onethird of the countries had growth rates in excess of 6%. The per capita gross national income (GNI) in the Region (2004 data) is among the highest in the world. While the average income in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) is US$ 7,811, in some of its subregions—notably the Latin Caribbean, the Andea...

The upcoming new perspective of the high redshift Universe in the 21 cm line of atomic hydrogen opens possibilities to explore topics of spiral disk evolution, hitherto reserved for the optical regime. The growth of spiral gas disks over Cosmic time can be explored with the new generation of radio telescopes, notably the SKA, and its precursors, as accurately as with the Hubble Space Telescope ...

We propose a model for Lorenz curves. It provides two-parameter fits to data on incomes, electric consumption, life expectation and rate of survival after cancer. Graphs result from the condition of maximum entropy and from the symmetry of statistical distributions. Differences in populations composing a binary system (poor and rich, young and old, etc.) bring about chance inequality. Symmetric...

We have developed a satellite data derived “Night Light Development Index” (NLDI) as a simple, objective, spatially explicit and globally available empirical measurement of human development derived solely from nighttime satellite imagery and population density. There is increasing recognition that the distribution of wealth and income amongst the population in a nation or region correlates str...

Inequality in the distribution of resources health care system by using Gini coefficient and Lorenz curve (A case study Sistan Baluchestan province over a five-year period)