BACKGROUND Comparative morphology identifies the digits of the wing of birds as 1,2 and 3, but they develop at embryological positions that become digits 2, 3 and 4 in other amniotes. A hypothesis to explain this is that a homeotic frame shift of digital identity occurred in the evolution of the bird wing, such that digits 1,2 and 3 are developing from embryological positions 2, 3 and 4. Digit ...

The nature of impairment in hand motor control after stroke and its relationship to hand function are still not well understood. In this study, we investigated digit independence in patients with subcortical stroke (n = 8) and moderate hand impairment, defined by wrist and hand Fugl-Meyer scale scores < or =25/33, and age-matched controls (n = 8). Subjects made cyclical flexion-extension moveme...

Structural human leukocyte antigen (HLA) matching at the eplet level can be identified by HLAMatchmaker, which requires the entry of four-digit alleles. The aim of this study was to evaluate the agreement between eplet mismatches calculated by serological and two-digit typing methods compared to high-resolution four-digit typing. In a cohort of 264 donor/recipient pairs, the evaluation of measu...

This paper describes the methodology used for crosswalking occupation-based measures of Green (“environmentally friendly”) and Brown (“polluting”) jobs from Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system to International Occupation (ISCO) 08 at most detailed (4-digit) level. The original, task-based Greenness scores by Vona et al. (2018) are provided 8-digit SOC level, industry-based Brownne...

Like a gigantic, impossibly complex but wonderfully efficient factory, East Asia churns out a vast array of manufactured goods with world-beating price-quality ratios. But this is not a series of national efforts. Manufacturing processes that used to be performed in single factories (mostly in Japan and Korea) have been fractionalised and dispersed across the region – creating what Baldwin (200...

Sexual dimorphism in ventrally measured digit ratios (2D:4D and other) has been related to prenatal sex-hormone levels. In the present series of three studies, we measured all digit lengths (excluding the thumb) on the dorsal, rather than the ventral, side of left and right hands and investigated the sexual dimorphism in digit ratios in three independent samples, two of them comprising adults (...