Human growth hormone (GH) was first isolated from the human pituitary gland in 1945 and found to promote the growth of children with hypopituitarism. Since the formation of the World Anti-Doping Association, human GH has appeared on the list of forbidden substances. There is a significant amount of anecdotal evidence that human GH is misused by athletes to enhance performance, and there have be...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE To evaluate non-coplanar volumetric modulated arc radiotherapy (VMAT) trajectories for organ at risk (OAR) sparing in primary brain tumor radiotherapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifteen patients were planned using coplanar VMAT and compared against non-coplanar VMAT plans for three trajectory optimization techniques. A geometric heuristic technique (GH) combined beam scorin...

The trafficking of varicella-zoster virus (VZV) gH was investigated under both infection and transfection conditions. In initial endocytosis assays performed in infected cells, the three glycoproteins gE, gI, and gB served as positive controls for internalization from the plasma membrane. Subsequently, we discovered that gH in VZV-infected cells was also internalized and followed a similar traf...

This study explored if a combined supplementation of GH and IGF-1 had an additive effect on whole body nitrogen economy, energy, substrate and skeletal muscle metabolism following surgical trauma. Patients were randomized to controls (C; n = 10), to GH (0.15 IU/kg/injection) (GH; n = 7) or GH combined with IGF-1 (40 mug/kg/injection) subcutaneously twice a day (GH-IGF-1; n = 9) together with st...

Eleven Landrace pigs (six boars and five gilts, 50 kg) representing lines selected for three generations for maximum weight at 200 d of age were compared to eight pigs (four boars and four gilts, 50 kg) representing contemporary randomly selected Landrace controls to determine the effect of selection for growth on the metabolic clearance rate (MCR) and plasma concentrations of porcine growth ho...

Current GH administration protocols imply frequent s.c. injections, resulting in suboptimal compliance. Therefore, there is interest in developing delivery systems for sustained release of the hormone. However, GH has different actions depending on its continuous or pulsatile plasma concentration pattern. GH levels and circulating concentration patterns could be involved in the regulation of ep...

The neuroendocrine mechanisms by which estradiol drives growth hormone (GH) secretion in the human are poorly defined. Here we investigate estrogen's specific regulation of the 24-h pulsatile, nyctohemeral, and entropic modes of GH secretion in healthy postmenopausal women. Volunteers ( n = 9) received randomly ordered placebo versus estradiol-17β (1 mg micronized steroid twice daily orally) tr...

OBJECTIVE G to A transition at position 6664 of the growth hormone (GH-1) gene results in the substitution of Arg183 by His (R183H) in the GH protein and causes a new form of autosomal dominant isolated GH deficiency (IGHD type II). The aim of this study was to assess the bioactivity of this R183H mutant GH in comparison with both other GH variants and the 22-kDa GH in terms of GH-receptor gene...

La GH placentaria (GH-V) se convierte en el componente principal de la GH circulante a partir del segundo trimestre de embarazo. La GH-V es secretada continuamente e induce la producción hepática materna de IGF-I que, en mujeres sanas, inhibe la secreción de GH hipofisaria. En mujeres acromegálicas embarazadas las células adenomatosas somatotropas son resistentes a la retroalimentación inhibido...

In this review, the importance of growth hormone (GH) for the maintenance of normal cardiac function in adult life is discussed. Physiological effects of GH and underlying mechanisms for interactions between GH and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) and the cardiovascular system are covered as well as the cardiac dysfunction caused both by GH excess (acromegaly) and by GH deficiency in adult ...