Errors in radar satellite orbit determination are common problems in radar interferometry (InSAR). For example, when trying to locate a radar test site with known geographic coordinates using the geocoding information in SAR image (the latitude and longitude of the four image corners), the location may be well away from the true position. Another example is when there is indeed a significant si...

Despite long-standing interest in latitudinal variation in ecological patterns and processes, there is to date weak and conflicting evidence that herbivore pressure varies with latitude. We used three approaches to examine latitudinal variation in herbivore pressure in Atlantic Coast salt marshes, focusing on five abundant plant taxa: the grass Spartina alterniflora, the congeneric rushes Juncu...

[1] The daily variation of the geomagnetic field during quiet time at equinox features a longitudinal dependence, which is observed in the dip-latitude/longitude frame. Two explanations are considered: (1) the longitudinal changes of the geomagnetic latitude at constant dip-latitude and (2) the longitudinal variations of the main field, which modulates the ionospheric dynamo e.m.f. and determin...

The near-surface branch of the overturning mass transport circulation in the troposphere, containing the equatorward flow, is examined in isentropic and geometric coordinates. A discussion of the zonal momentum balance within isentropic layers shows that the equatorward flow at a given latitude is confined to isentropic layers that typically intersect the surface at that latitude. As a conseque...

A comparison tool has been developed by mapping the global GPS total electron content (TEC) and large coverage of ionospheric scintillations together on the geomagnetic latitude/magnetic local time coordinates. Using this tool, a comparison between large-scale ionospheric irregularities and scintillations is pursued during a geomagnetic storm. Irregularities, such as storm enhanced density, mid...

The task of named entity annotation of unseen text has recently been successfully automated with near-human performance. But the full task involves more than annotation, i.e. identifying the scope of each (continuous) text span and its class (such as place name). It also involves grounding the named entity (i.e. establishing its denotation with respect to the world or a model). The latter aspec...

The integration of a surveillance camera video with a three-dimensional (3D) geographic information system (GIS) requires the georeferencing of that video. Since a video consists of separate frames, each frame must be georeferenced. To georeference a video frame, we rely on the information about the camera view at the moment that the frame was captured. A camera view in 3D space is completely d...

Concepts of metadata visualization have been developed in order to help users in understanding of metadata about geographic datasets. These concepts apply graphic samples and four multivariate visualization methods: scatter plot matrix, parallel coordinates plot, star plots and Chernoff faces. The concepts were tested with users of geographic metadata in the Finnish Defence Forces. The test res...

In outdoor environments one of the most important and informative attributes is the elevation: the height of a geographic location above the sea level. However, almost all currently available photos and videos lack elevation information. Moreover, a majority of them do not even contain the GPS coordinates. This work addresses the problem of camera elevation estimation from visual information co...