The relationship between the magnitude of the transmembrane electrical potential and the uptake of [14C]gentamicin was examined in wild-type Staphylococcus aureus in the logarithmic phase of growth. The electrical potential (delta psi) and the pH gradient across the cell membrane were determined by measuring the equilibrium distribution of [3H]tetraphenyl-phosphonium and [14C]acetylsalicylic ac...

OBJECTIVES To compare the effect of a 6-fold range in gentamicin concentration on the bacterial killing of Staphylococcus aureus. METHODS Six 24 h duplicate experiments were performed using an in vitro pharmacodynamic model (IVPDM) which was inoculated with 10(6) cfu/mL S. aureus (ATCC 29213) and subjected to desired initial gentamicin concentrations of 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 mg/L. A 2 h half-li...

Increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) may be a common pathway in atherosclerosis, diabetes, cataract, accelerated ageing, and drug toxicities. The protective role of N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) and magnesium (Mg) in gentamicin induced nephrotoxicity was evaluated . One hundred albino rats were divided into 5 groups. Sham control group (A), Gentamicin group (B), Gentamicin + NAC grou...

OBJECTIVES Compliance with our local hospital policy for gentamicin administration and monitoring was found to be inadequate on audit. A gentamicin monitoring form was introduced with the aim of improving staff compliance with the policy thus minimizing the risks of toxicity while ensuring adequate dosing. PATIENTS AND METHODS The initial audit examined the prescribing, administration and mon...

Purpose: To investigate the reno-protective properties of Cinnamomum tamala against gentamicininduced nephrotoxicity in rabbits. Methods: Rabbits were randomly divided into four groups (n = 6) including Group-1 (normal saline), Group-2 (gentamicin, 80 mg/kg/day), Group-3 (C. tamala, 200 mg/kg/day) and Group-4 (gentamicin, 80 mg/kg/day and C. tamala, 200 mg/kg/day). Body weight, blood urea nitro...

Gentamicin is a widely used ototoxic agent. In this study, we shed light on the mechanisms underlying gentamicin-induced hearing loss. More importantly, we demonstrate in vivo and in vitro the effectiveness of a strategy for preventing drug-induced hearing loss using l-carnitine (LCAR), a safe micronutrient that plays a key role in energy metabolism and detoxification [Rebouche, C. J. & Seim, H...

The process parameters, temperature, pH and substrate concentration, were optimized for the production of gentamicin using Micromonouspora echinospora. Experiments were carried out according to central composite design in response surface method. The optimum conditions for the maximum production of gentamicin were found to be: temperature – 31.7C, pH – 6.8 and substrate concentration – 3%. At t...

On the basis of parallel in vitro studies with antibiotic G-418, gentamicin, neomycin, and kanamycin, antibiotic G-418 was found to be less potent than gentamicin but more active than either kanamycin or neomycin against most strains, with the exception of Pseudomonas, for which neomycin was more active than antibiotic G-418, and enterococci, for which antibiotic G-418 was more active than the ...

The antibacterial activity of netilmicin (Sch 20569), a new semisynthetic aminoglycoside, was compared with that of gentamicin against a variety of gram-negative bacteria, staphylococci, and streptococci. Both antibiotics had similar activity against most organisms, but netilmicin had appreciably greater activity against gram-negative organisms that were resistant to gentamicin because these sp...

Fosmidomycin (FR-31564), a phosphonic acid derivative, was combined with cefazolin, cephalexin, ampicillin, carbenicillin, ticarcillin, gentamicin, and trimethoprim. Synergy between fosmidomycin and penicillins or cephalosporins was found for 37 to 52% of the Enterobacteriaceae tested. Synergy with trimethoprim was found against 55% of bacteria isolated, but only 17% of the strains showed syner...